Inferior turbinate hypertrophy is one of the major causes of nasal airway obstruction. Medical treatment often produces insufficient improvement. In these cases, surgical reduction of inferior turbinate can be proposed. Many different techniques are currently available. The aim of our study is to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of three techniques i.e., electrocautery, cryotherapy and radiofrequency by comparing the response of patients to these three surgical modalities of turbinate reduction. A total of 90 patients presenting with nasal obstruction with or without allergic symptoms, fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria, attending ENT OPD are included in the study. A prospective study was conducted on three groups of thirty patients with symptoms and signs of nasal obstruction associated with inferior turbinate hypertrophy of more than 3 months duration. Then the percentage of subjective improvement in nasal airway is used to assess treatment outcomes 1week, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after surgery. At the end of 12 months, 56.6 % of patients treated with electrocautery and 56.6 % of patients treated with cryotherapy showed 75 % improvement in nasal obstruction whereas 59.99 % of patients treated with radiofrequency showed 100 % improvement. No statistical difference in the amount of improvement in nasal obstruction was noted between the three treatment groups at the end of 12 months because of relatively small sample size. But clinically radiofrequency showed better subjective improvement in nasal obstruction when compared to cryotherapy and electrocautery.

Allergic rhinitis is the commonest allergy encountered in clinical practice. There are various treatment modalities available for this disease control, but till now there is no definitive treatment which will cure allergic rhinitis completely. OBJECTIVEThe aim of our study is to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of different modalities of treating persistent moderate-severe allergic rhinitis. MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 100 patients both male and female aged 10 years and above, clinically suffering with moderate-severe, persistent allergic rhinitis since 5years are included in the study. A prospective study was conducted on four groups of 25 patients each. Treatment was given in a span of 2 years and followed up for 1year. RESULTSThe results were 80% good, 15% satisfactory and 5% poor in persons treated with specific immunotherapy and avoidance of specific allergen. All the other treatments showed only 50% good results. So we conclude that specific immunotherapy and avoidance of specific allergen is effective for treatment of moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSIONUntreated allergic rhinitis represents a major cause of morbidity. In our prospective study we conclude that identification of causative allergens, avoidance and specific immunotherapy is an effective treatment for adults and children with persistent moderate-severe Allergic Rhinitis (AR) that does not respond to conventional pharmacotherapy.

Background: The role of sinus surgery in the management of allergic rhinitis with chronic rhinosinusitis patients has been a debatable matter for many years. We are presenting a well-designed prospective, controlled study in 80 patients with allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with or without nasal polyposis who were submitted to functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Materials and Methods: In this study we have selected 80 patients of age group 15 to 60 yrs diagnosed to have allergic rhinitis with chronic sinusitis & nasal polyposis attending the department of otorhinolaryngology. Patients undergoing FESS were included in the study group (40 cases) and those who refused for surgery (FESS) and continuing with medical treatment were included in the control group (40 cases). All patients both study and control group underwent pretreatment and post-treatment evaluation for SNOT 22 score. Statistical differences in proportions were compared by Chi-square test and differences in means were compared by the unpaired t-test. Result: Our results indicated that all patients showed some level of improvement post-operatively, with an average improvement in the total symptom score (reduction in SNOT-22 composite score) of 54% of baseline, pre-operative value Significant improvement was observed in SNOT 22 scores in patients treated with FESS (p < 0.001). Conclusion: FESS is effective in controlling symptoms of allergic rhinitis with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis. Our clinical study supports the hypothesis that FESS has a positive influence in patients with allergic rhinitis and chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis.

INTRODUCTION Endoscopic DCR is routinely performed by otolaryngologists for the treatment of chronic dacryocystitis. However, postoperative stenosis and failure rates are common. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study is to evaluate the role of preserving the mucosal flap in maintaining the patency of neo ostium. The surgical technique involved the creation of nasal mucosal and large posterior lacrimal flaps at the medial lacrimal sac wall and the two flaps were placed in close apposition. Success was defined as complete resolution of epiphora and a patent lacrimal system, evaluated by lacrimal irrigation and endoscopy followed upto 1 year postoperatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prosective study was conducted in 60 patients and followed for a duration of 1 year in ENT department,KMC,Guntur RESULTS In our study, Symptomatic and anatomic success was seen in 59 out of 60 operations that is 98% success in syringing patency was seen with this technique, which is comparable to external DCR and better than other endoscopic techniques. CONCLUSION Mucosal flap preservation appears to be the single most important innovation in endoscopic DCR surgery, which makes it comfortable for both the surgeon and patient, apart from providing a 98% success rate in our study.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Cochlear synaptic tinnitus with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is the most common type of subjective tinnitus. Many therapies were tried, but nothing is well proven to cure this. Hence, our present study aims to assess the efficacy of intravenous (IV) injection of caroverine and intratympanic steroid injection in treatment of cochlear synaptic tinnitus with SNHL.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was carried out at the ear, nose and throat (ENT) department with 60 patients (22 male, 38 female) between the ages of 20 and 70 who had idiopathic tinnitus. Patients who met inclusion criteria were randomized by simple randomization and divided into two groups. The study group receives intratympanic dexamethasone, twice weekly for total three weeks and stat dose of IV caroverine. The control group receives an intratympanic isotonic solution with an IV caroverine placebo. Tinnitus handicap index (THI) score and pure tone averages (PTA) were done before treatment and in the first week, first month, and six months after completing the study protocol.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In the study group, pre-treatment results, and post-treatment first, sixth month THI scores, PTA results were different to a significant extent, whereas in the control group, the same scores were not different significantly. The THI scores between the groups revealed considerably lower scores in the first and six months for the study group. Successful treatment was defined as a decrease in PTA by 10 dB or more after six months.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The effect of the intratympanic injection of dexamethasone along with IV injection of caroverine on the efficacy of treatment of tinnitus severity and improving hearing was statistically significant.</p>