Early marriage is a form of violation of child rights to grow and develop. The Sustainable Development Goals had included early marriage in target 5.3, aiming to eliminate by 2030. This study examines the socio-demographic factors associated with women's early marriage in Bangladesh, Ghana, and Iraq using information extracted from 2019, 2017-2018, and 2018 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICSs) of Bangladesh, Ghana, and Iraq, respectively. The chi-square test examined the association between socio-demographic factors and early marriage separately in all three countries. In logistic regression, key factors were primarily evaluated for determining effects on early marriage separately in all three countries. The mean age of the mother at first marriage was found to be 16.86, 20.23, and 20.05 years in Bangladesh, Ghana, and Iraq successively. According to surveys conducted in Bangladesh, Ghana, and Iraq, education levels of household heads and women, wealth status, mass media, number of household members, and residence were significant factors linked to early marriage. The odds of getting married early were significantly higher among women with no formal education and primary education than women with secondary or higher education in all three countries. In terms of economic status, a negative association was found between wealth status and early marriage in both Bangladesh and Ghana. Based on the findings, the study recommended that government take the necessary steps to reduce child marriage in all three countries by raising women's education and campaigning women by media to harmful effects of early marriage, particularly women from low-income families.

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Cattle are one of the indices of civilization, sources of wealth, health and prosperity for the nation. Cattle provide us food, cash as well as mechanical power. The production of cattle is low due to their poor genetic makeup, indigenous and large incidence of diseases. Artificial Insemination (AI) is the first generation reproductive biotechnology that has made a profound contribution to the genetic improvement as well as recognized breeding tool of the cattle. But the farmers in Bangladesh are yet to adopt it perfectly. For these, the principle objective of the study was to determine the extent of problems faced by the farmers in adopting AI of cattle. Problem confrontation was measured based on 18 different aspects of AI using four point scale where 3 indicates high problem, 2 medium, 1 low and 0 no problem at all. The study was conducted in Kishoreganj Sadar Upazila under Kishoreganj district. Data were collected from randomly selected 100 farmers out of 340 farmers using an interview schedule. The majority of the farmers (58%) had medium problems while 39% had high and only 3% had low problems in adopting artificial insemination. Among the problems, inseminator problem and heat stage were considered the most critical problems in the survey area.

Abstract:Agriculture sector plays an important role in the economic development of Bangladesh. Rice is an important and most cultivated crop because it is an essential ingredient for food consumption. Seasonal loan plays a vital role in agricultural farming. This study examines the impact of seasonal loan on the Rice production in Badarganj Upazila of Rangpur district, Bangladesh. Data were collected from 55 small & medium scale rural farmers, who were categorized into credit borrower and non-borrower of seasonal-loan based. The results revealed that total cost per acre land of credit user farmers is 34590.24 taka which lower than that of non-credit user farmers is 36801.6 taka. Rice productions of seasonal loan borrowers per acre were 2.89 M.ton. Rice productions of seasonal loan non-borrowers per acre were 2.86 M.ton. Per unit price of Rice is 13925 taka in case of borrower. Per unit price of Rice is 14530 taka in case of non-borrower. Total value of Rice in case of borrowers is 40243.25 taka, but total value of Rice for non-borrower is 41555.8 taka. Net return of SL non-borrower per acre Rice field is 8354.2 taka. Net return of SL borrower per acre Rice field was 9253.01 taka. It was observed from the study that the beneficiaries of seasonal loans in the study area were more productive than the non-beneficiaries. Hence, this study recommends that organization should be provided more facility to the credit borrower for increasing Rice production & profit.