IntroductionBenign thyroid nodules are commonly encountered in a fine needle aspiration [FNA] clinic. The incidence of malignant thyroid nodule is 5% [1] . The positive predictive value of FNA in diagnosing malignant thyroid lesion is 99% [2] . Among the malignant tumors of the thyroid papillary carcinoma of thyroid [PTC] is the most common constituting around 80% of all the thyroid malignancy [3] . Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas [PDTC] accounts for 4% to 7% of thyroid carcinomas, undifferentiated (or anaplastic) carcinoma of the thyroid [UTC] represents less than 5% of malignant thyroid tumors, medullary thyroid carcinoma [MTC] accounts for 5% to 10% of all thyroid carcinomas, squamous cell carcinoma [SQC] of the thyroid accounts for 1% or less of thyroid cancers and metastatic tumors to the thyroid are constitute 0.1% to 0.3% of thyroid aspirates [4,5] . Our study was done to calculate the incidence of various malignant tumor in our setup and to compare it with the literature reports. Materials and MethodsDuring our study period for seven months FNA cases that were referred to us for thyroid lesions were retrieved from the records. As both FNA procedure and the interpretation were carried out by the pathologist the accuracy of our diagnosis was more [6] . Age, sex, clinical details including thyroid profile, duration of the lesion, family history of thyroid cancer, previous head and neck irradiation, rapid growth, hardness or adherence of the lump to surrounding structures and the presence of associated lymphadenopathy and clinical examination of the thyroid including size were retrieved from the records. Age and sex incidence were calculated. The size [based on ultrasound findings] based split of malignant lesions was done to evaluate the stage at which each thyroid carcinoma presented in our study. The slides were reexamined by three cytopathologists as recommended by Bethesda reporting of thyroid cytology [TBSRTC] and lesions were categorized according to Bethesda recommendations. Malignant lesions were categorized into type based on the morphology. Because malignancy in follicular neoplasm cannot be made on cytology, these lesions were not included in our study. The incidence of various thyroid malignancies was calculated. These findings were compared with the available literature reports. As our study used fine needle aspiration as a single diagnostic modality as it do have a higher sensitivity and specificity, neither histopathological correlation nor follow up was done. Shifa Syed Ibrahim*, Sharmila Thilagavathy Narayanan and Meenakumari GopalakrishnanDepartment of Pathology, Madurai Medical College, Madurai. India ABSTRACT Background: Fine needle aspiration [FNA] is the well-established diagnostic modality. It has a positive predictive value of 99% in diagnosing malignant thyroid lesions. The incidence of various thyroid malignancies in our department was evaluated using FNA and they were compared to those available in the literature.