Our findings demonstrate that normalization of EC risk biomarkers can be achieved with bariatric surgery. Improved understanding of biological mechanisms associated with weight loss may inform preventive strategies for EC.

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This study demonstrated that there is a significant disparity in MIH utilization, where non-EA and Medicaid/Medicare recipients had higher odds of undergoing TAH. Further research is needed to investigate how care standardization may alleviate healthcare disparities.

Objective: Previous studies suggest that breastfeeding protects against epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, the effects of age, timing and episode details on the EOC-breastfeeding relationship have not been examined. The objective of this study was to examine the association between breastfeeding factors and epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods:We examined breastfeeding factors among parous women in a population-based, casecontrol study conducted in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and New York from 2003-2008. We compared 689 incident EOC cases to 1572 community controls. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with breastfeeding patterns adjusting for potential confounders.Results: Compared to never breastfeeding, breastfeeding any offspring was associated with a 30% reduction in EOC risk (OR=0.70; 95% CI=0.58-0.85). That protection lasted more than 30 years (OR=0.69, 95%CI=0.53-0.88). An average breastfeeding episode of months provided significant protection (OR=0.75, 95%CI=0.61-0.94). Greater number of breastfeeding episodes increased protection (OR=0.78, 95%CI=0.64-0.96 and OR=0.49, 95%CI=0.36-0.68 1-2 and 3+ episodes, respectively, compared to never breastfed, trend p=0.01). Longer breastfeeding duration also increased protection (OR=0.75 and 0.62 for less than and greater than 1-year total duration, respectively, compared to never breastfed). An earlier age at first breastfeeding was also more protective (OR=0.63, 0.71,0.92, for first episode at age <25, 25-29, and 30+, respectively, trend p=0.001). Conclusions:Breastfeeding for as few as 3 months protects against EOC. Although this protection decreases over time, it persists for more than 30 years. Longer cumulative duration, increasing number of breastfeeding episodes, and earlier age at first breastfeeding episode increase protection.