There is a tremendous need to enhance nurses' skills so that they achieve competency in EBP in order to ensure the highest quality of care and best population health outcomes. Academic programs should ensure competency in EBP in students by the time of graduation and healthcare systems should set it as an expectation and standard for all clinicians.

The effectiveness of a parent training program for promoting positive parent-child relationships was examined among families of 2-year-olds. Forty-six mothers and fathers and their toddlers were assigned to either an intervention or comparison group. Intervention group parents participated in a 10-week program that focused on principles for effectively interacting with their toddlers. Parents completed measures of parenting self-efficacy, depression, stress, and perceptions of their toddler's behaviors and were videotaped playing with their toddlers preintervention, postintervention, and 3 months following the intervention. Repeated measures ANOVAs showed that the parent training program led to significant increases in maternal self-efficacy, decreases in maternal stress, and improvements in the quality of mother-toddler interactions. No significant effects were found among fathers. Explanations for obtaining different outcomes for mothers and fathers are discussed and directions for future research are recommended.

This study tested the efficacy of a 12-session parent training program, the Chicago Parent Program (CPP), which was developed in collaboration with African American and Latino parents. Using growth curve modeling, data were analyzed from 253 parents (58.9% African American, 32.8% Latino) of 2-4 year old children enrolled in 7 day care centers serving low-income families. Day care centers were matched and randomly assigned to intervention and waiting-list control conditions. At 1-year follow-up, intervention group parents used less corporal punishment and issued fewer commands with their children. Intervention children exhibited fewer behavior problems during observed play and clean-up sessions than controls. Additional group differences were observed when dose was included in the analytic model. Parents who participated in at least 50% of CPP sessions also reported greater improvements in parenting self-efficacy, more consistent discipline, greater warmth, and a decline in child behavior problems when compared to reports from controls. The implications of these results for preventive parent training with low-income African American and Latino parents and the role of intervention dose on parent-child outcomes are discussed.Keywords parent training; ethnic minority; prevention; preschool Parent training is one of the most widely studied interventions for reducing childhood behavior problems, increasing positive parenting behaviors, and reducing parent reliance on harsh disciplinary strategies (Kazdin, 1997;McMahon, 1999;Sanders, 2007). Moreover, many studies have shown that parent training effects can be maintained over time (Gross et al., 2003;Irvine, Biglan, Smolkowski, Metzler, & Ary, 1999;Strayhorn & Weidman, 1991;Webster-Stratton, 1998b). As a result, parent training is increasingly used, both exclusively or as a component of more comprehensive prevention programs to reduce behavioral risk among children from low-income families (Conduct Problems Prevention Group, 1999;Dumas, Prinz, Smith, & Laughlin, 1999;Gottfredson et al., 2006). NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptPreventive interventions targeting low-income families typically include a large number of African-American and Latino families, primarily due to the fact that these ethnic minority groups are disproportionately represented among those living in poverty (Corcoran & Adams, 1997). Yet many of the empirically-supported interventions used to help low-income and ethnic minority parents were originally developed and tested on middle-income and non-Latino White samples (Coard, Wallace, Stevenson, & Brotman, 2004;Forehand & Kotchick, 1996;Gorman & Balter, 1997).Research shows that economically disadvantaged families tend to receive less benefit from parent training than families from higher socioeconomic groups (Lundahl, Risser, & Lovejoy, 2006), a finding some have attributed to the various correlates of economic disadvantage (Dumas & Wahler, 1983). However, it is possible that diminished ...

Objective: This systematic review focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with physicians and nurses that tested interventions designed to improve their mental health, well-being, physical health, and lifestyle behaviors. Data Source: A systematic search of electronic databases from 2008 to May 2018 included PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and the Cochrane Library. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Inclusion criteria included an RCT design, samples of physicians and/or nurses, and publication year 2008 or later with outcomes targeting mental health, well-being/resiliency, healthy lifestyle behaviors, and/or physical health. Exclusion criteria included studies with a focus on burnout without measures of mood, resiliency, mindfulness, or stress; primary focus on an area other than health promotion; and non-English papers. Data Extraction: Quantitative and qualitative data were extracted from each study by 2 independent researchers using a standardized template created in Covidence. Data Synthesis: Although meta-analytic pooling across all studies was desired, a wide array of outcome measures made quantitative pooling unsuitable. Therefore, effect sizes were calculated and a mini meta-analysis was completed. Results: Twenty-nine studies (N = 2708 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Results indicated that mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral therapy-based interventions are effective in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression. Brief interventions that incorporate deep breathing and gratitude may be beneficial. Visual triggers, pedometers, and health coaching with texting increased physical activity. Conclusion: Healthcare systems must promote the health and well-being of physicians and nurses with evidence-based interventions to improve population health and enhance the quality and safety of the care that is delivered.

Health coaching may represent a feasible and possibly effective intervention designed to reduce COPD readmissions. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01058486).