Current adaptive torque balancing control of electric wheel-driven vehicle has shortcomings in electronic differential control of drive motor by using rotation speed mode. In order to solve this problem, an adaptive electronic differential control method of electric wheel-driven vehicle is proposed in this paper by torque balance. Firstly, by starting from the kinematics and dynamics of vehicle steering, the speed and force of each drived wheel in the steering are analyzed to explain the auxiliary role of electronic differential control to adaptive torque balancing, as well as influence of steering radius in vehicle. Then, electronic differential distribution by torque of wheel is used to control the abnormal jump interference and calculate the optimal combination of parameters in electronic differential control system. Finally, based on the optimal combination of these parameters, an adaptive electronic differential control of electric wheel-driven vehicle by torque balance is realized with fuzzy control in active and the reactive power. Experimental results show that the proposed method suppresses the abnormal jump interference factors of electronic differential control, as well as realizes the differential functions in control system. It has far-reaching significance by provideing a basic guarantee to realize adaptive electronic differential control system in electronic wheel-driven vehicle.