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Objective: To analyse the role of palatal rugoscopy in person identification and sex determination. Material and Methods: The study group consisted of 30 children having mixed dentition within the age range of 8-15 years. Based on the length of the rugae, it was classified as primary (>5mm), secondary (3-5mm) and fragmentary (<3mm) and according to shape, (straight, curve, circular and wavy). Association between rugae patterns and sexual dimorphism were tested and statistically analysed using Chi-square test and stepwise discriminant function analysis with statistical software SPSS version 17.0. Results: Results of the present study indicates that there was higher primary rugae patterns (p>0.05) among boys over girls (boys-224 and girls-213) and circular rugae pattern and secondary rugae were more among girls (88) over boys (56) (p<0.05). Converging unification pattern was more among boys (17) over girls (11), whereas diverging pattern was more among girls (19) over boys (13), but there was no difference for wavy and curved patterns between boys and girls. These results were confirmed with standardized canonical discriminant function coefficient test. Conclusion: The present study hypothesizes the uniqueness of the rugae pattern in person identification as no two palates showed similar type of rugae in either of the genders. Palatal rugae revealed a specific pattern in unification among boys and girls. Discriminant function analysis enabled sex determination of individuals.

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To provide the best possible treatment, factors such as the patient's cosmetic and functional needs as well as the cost factor should be considered. Case DesCriptionA 13-year-old boy with the chief complaint of a missing tooth in the upper front tooth region for 2 years reported to our department. The patient gave a history of fall from a bicycle 2 years ago, following which he had undergone treatment in a private dental clinic. The patient gave no significant medical or dental history. On clinical and radiographic examination, soft tissues and avulsed socket was all healed, missing maxillary right central incisor and a part of FRC was found attached to 12 and 21 (Figs 1A and B). The implant was not introDuCtionThe loss of anterior teeth regardless of age or gender has a huge impact on the quality of life. Missing teeth in a highly visual zone due to trauma, periodontal infection, or failed endodontic treatment leads to esthetic, phonetic, and functional disability.¹ The management options for replacing the anterior missing tooth include removable temporary acrylic prosthesis, resin-bonded bridges, metal and ceramic fixed partial dentures, and implant-supported prosthesis.² There have been a number of different techniques described in the literature related to restorative dentistry, for splinting teeth using adhesive composite resins, wire, metal mesh, nylon, and so forth bonded to adjacent teeth and adding a natural tooth pontic, denture tooth, or composite resin tooth pontic.³Case selection criteria for a natural tooth pontic bonded with fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) resin are the following:• Patients requiring a minimally invasive procedure.• Patient needs an immediate esthetic fix.• The extracted tooth crown and abutments must be in good condition. • Natural tooth pontic not present in a heavy stress.• Cost-effective alternative.• Periodontally compromised teeth.• Unsuccessful reimplanted tooth.

Aim: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been used globally in several countries and there are many published reports stating its effectiveness against dental caries. However, dosage and timing of application are controversial, as many authors have recommended various treatment protocols. The objective of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of SDF in children with early childhood caries (ECC).Materials and methods: Literature searches involved PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library from January 2005 to December 2016. The search generated 146 articles for screening (69 from PubMed, 71 from ScienceDirect, and 6 from Cochrane Library). From the imported references, 133 were screened against title and abstract by the two reviewers after duplicates were removed. Out of these, 126 studies were excluded based upon the inclusion criteria and seven were assessed for full-text eligibility in which one study was excluded (ex vivo study). Finally, six articles were selected for the fulltext analysis and quality assessment. The meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager (version 5.3). Only studies that reported the results as dichotomous data were analyzed with Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test. Results:In the overall meta-analysis, there was an association between caries arrest in the groups using SDF and the other control groups [odds ratio = 0.66 (0.5-0.78)]. Subgroup analysis showed the following associations at 3 months interval [odds ratio = 0.55 (00.43-0.73)] and 6 months interval [odds ratio = 0.56 (00.43-0.74)]. At 18 months and above, however, there was no association seen [odds ratio = 1.01 (0.75-1.36)]. Conclusion:Early childhood caries is a global health issue that should be addressed in the primitive stages. Silver diamine fluoride is a material that is effective in caries arrest and progression and thus is useful in halting the spread of the disease. Its rationale is justified as compared with other materials used in the treatment of ECC due to the higher percentage of caries arrest seen.Clinical significance: At concentrations of 30 and 38%, SDF shows potential caries arrest in children suffering from ECC.