Background: Emergency Laparotomy is a complex and often time-critical surgical procedure associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Emergency abdominal surgery is performed in most hospitals, and acute laparotomy is considered a high-risk procedure with significant mortality rates ranging from 14% to 20%. This study is done to assess the mortality and morbidity rates in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy at a tertiary care hospital over a period of 1 year and to identify risk factors associated with it. Aims and Objectives: To assess the mortality and morbidity rates in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in the department of general surgery at KR hospital during the period of January 2020 to December 2020. All the patients who underwent emergency laparotomy were included in the study. Patient was followed during the pre-operative, intraoperative and post operative period and demographic data, comorbidities, habits were collected pre-operatively. Post-operatively, the complications were identified and classified based on the Clavien-Dindo classification. Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify risk factors for mortality and morbidity. Results: A total of 478 patients underwent emergency laparotomy, of whom 18% had surgical complications and 23% had medical complications. The overall 30-day mortality was 20.3%. The overall death rate within 24 h of surgery was assessed. Several risk factors for 30-day mortality were identified: age, ASA >3, performance score, etc. Conclusion: A complete analysis of complications and mortality in a consecutive group of patients undergoing laparotomy was done and found that almost one in five patients died after emergency laparotomy. Predictors of poor outcome and several risk factors for mortality and morbidity were identified.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in female representing approximately 25% of all cancer. It is also ranked number one cancer among Indian females with ageadjusted incidence rate of 25.8 per 100,000 women and mortality 12.7 per 100,000 women. Hormone receptors are the receptor protein found in normal breast cells. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to assess the histologic type, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2/neu of all breast carcinoma patients coming to the inpatient department of general surgery of a tertiary care hospital. This study was conducted to assess the histologic type, ER, PR, and HER2/neu of all breast carcinoma patients coming to the outpatient department of general surgery of a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: The present study is a prospective observational study conducted in the department of general surgery at KR Hospital for 1 year from December 2020 to November 2021. All patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy for breast carcinoma or core biopsy to start chemotherapy and hormone therapy before surgery were included in the study. They were subjected to histopathological examination and immunochemistry. Results: The most common age group, in which breast carcinoma was diagnosed, was 51–55 years. The most common type of breast carcinoma is invasive ductal carcinoma seen in 66% of the patients. Among the 100 patients IHC, ER positive was seen in 54% of the patients, PR positive was seen in 39% of the patients, and HER2neu-positive was seen in 31% of the patients. Most common was ER/PR+HER2neu – in 28% of the patients. Triple-negative hormonal status was seen in 23% of the patients. Conclusion: This single institutional study of 100 cases of breast cancer patients from South India suggest that mean age of breast cancer patient was between 51 and 55 years, with invasive ductal carcinoma being the most common histological type with ER positivity of 54% and PR positivity of 39% and triple-negative cancers of 23%, not grossly different from rest of the country but significantly lower than Western studies.