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Plasmonic performance is subjected to physical property variations. Fiber-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is investigated in terms of the light source, polarization, and temperature effects on the plasmonic coupling efficiency. Initially, a side-polished D-shaped optical fiber is coated with a plasmonic gold (Au) layer to evaluate the plasmonic performance under different light sources and optical spectrometers. The collimated optical signal is polarized at three different angles: 0°, 45°, and 90°, concerning the fast axis, using free space three-wave plates before being directed to the multimode D-shaped fiber. A water chamber is used to discover the effect of water temperature on the stability of the plasmonic absorption curve in optical fiber and prism-based SPR. The repeatability and stability of two different designs are examined under Hg ions' influence. The results showed that the light source behaves differently according to minimum absorption and resonance wavelength. This research focused intensely on tuning plasmonic curves for the best output results. The main features of sesnor are reputability, stability using reduced graphene maghemite with polyvinyl chloride (rGO/γ-Fe2O3/PVC) for Hg ions, and the transmitted power shift at 40ºC. This paper highlights the plasmonic wave coupling and studies plasmonic coupling efficiency under different applied conditions. The effect of light polarization within a D-shaped fiber for SPR has not yet been thoroughly explored, nor has it been published under different conditions in any literature thus far.