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Understanding of behaviors of people with ASDs can serve treatment planning and outcome evaluation, and help to develop new, more adaptive functional responses in learning and social situations. Predictive, formative, and summative information and reliable data are essential to the study of behaviors. Among many methods, this chapter discusses a functional ecological approach. Multidimensional assessment considers various contextual factors for behaviors. Assessments of learning characteristics, skill acquisition, stimulus preference, reinforcement, and social skills are discussed in this chapter. A descriptive data resource and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential to a more complete understanding of an individual's needs. More accurate behavioral assessment and individualized interventions can assist individuals with ASDs to reduce behaviors such as self‐injurious behaviors and to achieve improvements in activities of daily life, independent completion of tasks, and social and educational interactions.

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