BackgroundAcute gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a common gastroenterological emergency worldwide with significant morbidity and mortality of 6 per cent-14 per cent. The main causes of death in patients with GIB include shock, aspiration, and therapeutic procedure carried out for the management of the GIB. Thus, the resuscitation strategy of blood transfusion plays a very important role in these patients before any other specific treatment. Currently, endoscopy is considered the mainstay of diagnosis and treatment for patients with GIB. AimsTo assess the effect of an early endoscopic intervention on the need for blood transfusion in patients presented with GIB. MethodsWe retrospectively analysed the data for patients presented with hematemesis, melena, or haematochezia, from July 2015 to July 2016, in Ballarat Base Hospital (BHS) in Victoria, Australia. Data were extracted from the hospital coding system related to patient's demographic history, alcohol intake, comorbidity, procedure details including the timing and the type of procedure performed, and the number of units of blood transfused. Additionally, the laboratory blood test results for each patient were examined through the electronic records to assess the haemoglobin level before and after the blood transfusion.[AMJ 2019;12(2):56-62] of cost of treatment from blood transfusion can be achieved by adopting an optimized restrictive transfusion strategy. What this study adds:1. What is known about this subject? Most guidelines recommend performing endoscopic procedures within 24 hours of acute GI bleeding. What new information is offered in this study?This study assesses the time to perform an endoscopic procedure in patients presenting with acute GIB in relation to the need for blood transfusion. There is a trend towards having more blood transfusion with delayed endoscopic procedure (>12 hours). What are the implications for research, policy, or practice?More prospective studies are needed to further assess the role of early endoscopic intervention in patients with acute GIB.

Conclusion ACL reconstruction with the DB technique is good for stability of the knee. Long-term studies should be performed and the number of patients should be increased.