Objective: Aim To determine frequency of cesarean section in patients presenting with non-reactive cardiotocography. Study Design: Descriptive study Place and Duration: Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit-II at Peoples University Hospital Nawabshah. Feb 2021-August 2021 Methods: This study included 156 women had age 20-45 years admitted to the labour room through OPD and ER with uterine contractions. Antepartum and intrapartum CTG revealed abnormal results. Physical examination and CTG determined delivery mode. SPSS v25.0 examined and entered data. Chi-square was used post-stratification. Significant p-values were <0.05. Results: There were 82(52.6%) patients were in 18-30 years age group and 74(47.4%) were in 31-40 years age group. According to gestational age distribution, 86(55.1%) were from 37-38 weeks gestational age group and 70(44.9%) from 39-40 weeks gestational age group. Majority of the patients 97(62.2%) had rural residence and 59(37.8%) from urban area. Among all 11(7.1%) were obese and 19 (12.2%) had anemia. We found that 58(37.2%) cases had low income, while 42(26.9%) and 56(35.9%) had middle income and high income respectively. Frequency of C-section was found in 72(46.2%). Conclusion: Due to the high false positive rate of cardiotocography monitoring in labor, women are more likely to have a caesarean section. Other tests, such as fetal scalp electode and fetal pH, should be done to diagnose fetal distress before having one. Keywords: C-section, Non-reactive cardiotocography, Anemia, Obesity

Objective: The purpose of this study was to calculate the frequency of adverse fetal outcomes in oligohydramnios pregnancies. Study Design: Descriptive study Place and Duration: Department of Obstretics and Gynaecology,PUMHS Nawabshah Hospital. August 2018-February 2019 Methods: A total of 164 pregnant women with oligohydromnios were included in this study. Diagnosis was established after detailed history and abdominal examination. An extensive obstetric ultrasound was performed to verify the presence of alcohol, the baby's viability, the presence of two congenital defects, and the presence of the fetal heartbeat using Doppler ultrasonography. Information will then be filled in the performa. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: The average age of the women was 25.76±4.18 years. Out of 164 cases, fetal growth retardation was observed in 39.02%, low birth weight 34.15%, NICU admission 30.5%, birth axpysia 27.44%, respiratory distress syndrome 12.8%, Apgar scores <7 at1 minutes 43.35% and at 5 minutes 23.2%, meconium aspiration syndrome 4.27% and perinatal mortality was observed in 4% . Conclusion: Assessment of AFI in the first part of the third trimester helps to identify women who need greater antepartum surveillance, and hence, correct care, to enhance perinatal outcome. Keywords: Oligohydramnios, Birth axpysia, Low birth weight

Background: Teenage adolescent pregnancy is an important community health issue globally. Research shows that mothers in teenage period are at a higher risk of maternal death and complications related with pregnancy in comparison to the mothers who are adult. Therefore, this research was directed to examine the sociodemographic profile and fetal and maternal outcomes related with teenage pregnancy and their comparison with mothers of 20-30 years of age. Study Design: A comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: In the obstetrics and Gynecology department of Sheikh Zaid Women Hospital Larkana for one-year duration from March 2021 to February 2022. Methods: A total of 60 teenage mothers ≤19 and 60 mothers who were 20-30 years of age respectively, were nominated as controls and cases. Data on the obstetric complications, fetal outcomes and sociodemographic profile were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pre-tested, pre-designed, partially structured questionnaire. The statistics were analyzed by entering data in the excel sheet of Microsoft. Results: In this study, 18.1 years was the mean age in teenage pregnant females and 24.3 years in the control group. 17.8 years was the mean age at which teenage mothers were married and for adults it was 20.1 years. 66.7% of teenage mothers and 61.7% of the control group are of high-low socioeconomic status. 80% of teenage pregnant females and 75% of control group were from rural areas. The mainstream of teenage mothers (70%) and control mothers (58.3%) are housewives by profession. The consanguineous marriages were observed in 33.3% of adolescent pregnant females and 41.7% in the control group. In this study, 38.3% and 46.7% of the mothers in adolescent and control group respectively had ante-natal checks during their pregnancy. Stillbirth / miscarriage were reported in 13.3% of adolescent mothers and 25% in the control group. 63.3% of teenage mothers had mild anemia and 53.3% in controls. The incidence of malnutrition (40% vs 15%, p <0.05), PPH (25% vs 6.7%, p <0.05), PROM (20% vs 3.3%, p <0.05) was significant in teenage mothers in comparison to mothers who were adults. The incidence of PIH was lower significantly in mothers during adolescence in comparison to adult mothers (13.3% vs. 31.7%, p <0.05). Conclusions: Complications such as PROM, maternal malnutrition, premature delivery, PPH and low birth weight occurred more frequently in adolescent mothers than in mothers who were adults. The adult mother’s higher proportion of PIH than in teenage mothers. Keywords: Adult pregnancy, teenage pregnancy, sociodemographic factors, adverse fetal and maternal outcomes.