Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is assuming greater importance because of its increasing incidence and its impact on woman’s fertility.Aim: To assess the frequency and to determine an association between the studied risk factors and ectopic pregnancy.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted for the role of several risk factors in the occurrence of EP in department of obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMGS Hospital. A total of 110 cases and 110 controls were compared for socio demographic characteristics, cigarette smoking, obstetrical and gynaecological history, PID, past exposure to Chlamydia, surgical histories, the presence of assisted conception and contraceptive usage.Results: The main risk factors for ectopic pregnancy were history of tuberculosis (TB) (odds ratio (OR)=12.11), history of infertility (p=0.001), abortions (p=0.01) and a history of prior ectopic pregnancy (OR=8.549). Other risk factors found to be associated with an increased risk for ectopic pregnancy were Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)/Chlamydia infection (OR=5.63), endometriosis (5.40), induced conception cycle (OR=3.063), intrauterine device usage (OR=3.55), prior caesarean section (OR=2.83) and appendectomy (OR=2.25). On the contrary, barrier methods (OR=0.28) and oral contraceptive use (OR=0.28) were protective from ectopic pregnancy.Conclusion: Pelvic infection particularly TB was found to be a major etiological factor for EP in our setup. Furthermore, other factors found to be associated with ectopic pregnancy, such as prior ectopic pregnancy and infertility history may be the result of a previous pelvic infection that caused tubal sequele. Thus, these factors are potential targets for intervention and modification. Further, patients with previous abortions, pelvic surgeries, induced conception cycle and intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) users should be counselled about the possible risk when they conceive.

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is associated with unfavourable consequences both for the mother and the fetus and is a major cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity.Methods: The study was conducted over a period of one year in which 100 pregnant females who met the inclusion criteria were administered ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) preparation.Results: There was significant rise in mean haemoglobin and serum ferritin after transfusion of ferric maltose in the patients with very less adverse effects.Conclusions: FCM, because of its high efficacy and safety can revolutionize the management of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in pregnancy.

Background: Various endometrial pathologies contribute to a large proportion of cases of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) during the reproductive years as well as after menopause.Methods: This is a retrospective observational study conducted in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at SMGS Hospital, Jammu. 200 patients between 20-70 years age presenting to gynaecology OPD with abnormal uterine bleeding between January 2019 to December 2019 were studied. All patients were subjected to thorough clinical evaluation followed by hysteroscopy. Data collected from medical records, analysed and various intrauterine causes of AUB were studied. Hysteroscopy directed biopsies were taken in the same sitting and sent for histopathology and culture. Results: Mean age of patients in our study was 45 years with majority of patients in 40-50-year age group (69%). Most common symptom reported was menorrhagia (48%) followed by menometrorrhagia (18%) and polymenorrhea (10%). Hysteroscopy detected intrauterine abnormality in 59% cases. Most common being hyperplastic endometrium in 52 patients (26%) followed by polyp (20%). 14 (7%) had sub mucous fibroid, 8 (4%) had atrophic endometrium and 2 (1%) had intrauterine adhesions.Conclusion: Hysteroscopy provides a simple & easy method for visualization of the cervical canal & uterine cavity for the evaluation of AUB. Hysteroscopic pattern recognition is a useful concept to triage women who require sampling for histopathological diagnosis.

Background:Epilepsy is the most commonly encountered neurological disorder in Obstetrics after migraine. Incidence of seizure disorder in pregnancy is estimated to be 0.3-0.5% of all births.Infants born to mothers with epilepsy and exposed to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in utero have increased risk for birth defects (4-6%) when compared with infants not exposed (1-2%) to these drugs. Objective:To assess thefetomaternal outcome in pregnancy with epilepsy in Jammu. Methods: This prospective study was conducted over a period of one year in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SMGS Hospital, a tertiary care center, Jammu, India. Total 130 epilepsy cases were included in this study. These patients were managed with a team of neurologist, obstetrician, radiologist and a neonatologist. The patients were thoroughly examined, assessed and monitored regarding the fetomaternal outcome. Results: In our study, we have included 130 epilepsy patients. The incidence of epilepsy in pregnancy in our hospital is 0.54%. The mean age of participating women in our study was 24.7+8.63 years. 41 (31.5%) were using Lamotrigine as antiepileptic drug in pregnancy, gestational hypertension was the most common maternal complication in 28 (21.5%). Mode of delivery was LSCS in majority of the women i.e. 74 (56.9%). Conclusion: These women should be managed with monotherapy at the lowest possible dosage to diminish the risk of complications and also maintain good seizure control. The perinatal complications can be diminished by the close coordination between the Neurologists, Obstetrician and the Pediatrician.

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