Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): Monash University Malaysia Background Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death in Malaysia (1), and there is an increasing trend in mortality due to IHD from 15.2% in 2019 to 17.2% in 2020 (2). IHD is one of the NCDs, estimated to have an RM100.79 billion burden of disease cost (health burden resulting from disability and loss of healthy life years), equivalent to 7% of GDP (3). Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to be one of the risk factors for IHD. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with the prevalence of IHD in uncontrolled diabetic patients. Besides, these characteristics were also compared among the duration of uncontrolled DM (<10 years vs. ≥10 years) Materials and Methods A single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted in a cardio referral center using Electronic Medical Record from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020. Adult patients aged ≥ 18 years old with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (defined as HbA1c ≥7%) had their medical records examined for IHD upon first contact with the Diabetes Mellitus Therapy Adherence Clinic (DMTAC) pharmacist. Results A total of 495 participants with uncontrolled diabetes were included in the final analysis. The mean age and HbA1c in the overall cohort were 52.2 (10.9) years and 10.5%, respectively, with 59.4% (n=294) of them having <10 years of underlying diabetes. The majority were obese (64.8%) and had underlying hypertension (78.4%) and hyperlipidemia (78.4%). The prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) among the overall cohort was 19.0% (n=94). Patients with longer underlying diabetes (≥10 years) were significantly older [mean age 56.8 (8.4) vs. 49.0 (11.4), p=<0.001], drinks alcohol [12.0% vs. 6.0%; p=0.022], had underlying hypertension [86.6 vs. 72.8; p=<0.001] and more comorbidities [mean 1.7 (0.55) vs. 1.5 (0.65); p=<0.001] compared to those with <10 years respectively. Independent predictors of IHD events were age 40-49 [OR 5.1 (95% CI 1.1-23.3); p=0.038], 50-59 [OR 5.36 (1.2-23.7); p=0.027] and ≥60 [OR 7.1 (1.6-32.3); p=0.011], alcohol use [OR 2.4 (1.1-5.1); p=0.023], ≥10 years of uncontrolled diabetes [OR 2.0 (1.2-3.3); P=0.007], and underlying hypertension [OR 2.6 (1.2-5.8); p=0.016]. Conclusion IHD has an indirect impact on social and economic development due to the high burden of the disease cost. In our study, older age, alcohol use, prolonged uncontrolled diabetes, and underlying hypertension seem to be associated with the prevalence of IHD complications. With the understanding of the recent outlook on diabetes, health education for the targeted population may negate this complication.

Introduction Diabetes is becoming an increasingly common condition across the world including Brunei Darussalam. Bruneian population, although is relatively small, represents a miniature urban community of neighbouring Southeast Asian countries as they share similar dietary and ethnicity patterns. Thus, it would be valuable to examine the findings of studies conducted among Bruneians. This study aimed to identify and review research related to the practice of patients with DM in Brunei Darussalam in order to identify associated factors influencing diabetic medication knowledge and adherence. Methods This narrative review analyzed literature related to DM and its therapy in Brunei Darussalam. Other issues consisting of knowledge and adherence related to DM were also explored. Databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar) were used to search literature published up to May 2022. Search terms “diabetes mellitus”, “Brunei” combined using Boolean operator were used. Results and Discussion Conducting appropriate studies in Brunei Darussalam can benefit the government and policymakers to implement effective measures and programmes to combat the diabetes epidemic. Despite the government’s efforts, additional relevant stakeholders must be included in order to work together and engage in these initiatives in order to increase diabetes awareness, give people the power to make healthy decisions, and ultimately reduce the prevalence of diabetes in Brunei Darussalam. Patients’ medication knowledge proficiency plays a main component of ensuring appropriate and safe use of medication prescribed to them. Conclusion Relatively poor medication knowledge and inappropriate diabetes-related practices were observed in studies conducted in Brunei Darussalam. However, no study has been done which directly measures both medication awareness and compliance among Brunei Darussalam T2DM patients. Future studies can focus on the relation between these two factors in different geographical locations of the world that are characterized by different diabetes-related practices and culture.

Issue AddressedThere is an increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among the young adult population worldwide, with a high prevalence of undiagnosed DM in. This study aims to evaluate the preliminary effects of a culturally appropriate DM audio‐visual among young adults.MethodsThis study involved two phases; the first to develop and validate the videos followed by the second phase exploring the engagement level among 80 young adults. The variables of interest included the participants' knowledge and their planned action after watching the video.ResultsMost of the participants (60%) were between the age of 21 and 25 years and had a family history of DM. The majority of participants (80.0%) demonstrated good awareness of DM. Slightly more than half of them (58.8%) thought that DM was curable, which contradicts their knowledge measure. Nevertheless, 88.8% of participants were interested to learn more about DM.ConclusionsThe use of a strategic storyboard and creative editing of the promotional video was a potential trigger to raise the young adults' curiosity to find out more about DM.

Background In Malaysia, although diabetes accounts for more than 70% of all deaths, it is unclear how it relates to BMI and diabetic complications. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of obesity and diabetic complications among diabetic patients in Malaysia. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study using an existing clinical registry was performed from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020 at Hospital Serdang, Malaysia. Adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had their medical records examined for disease complications, as reported by the patient at first contact with the DMTAC pharmacist. Results The study comprised a total of 495 participants with an average HbA1c of 10.5%. About 91% (n = 451) of the 495 patients were obese/overweight. Around 37.8% (n = 187) of diabetic patients are between the ages of 50 and 59, and 59% (n = 292) have had diabetes for less than 10 years. A total of 8.5% (n = 42) and 9.7% (n = 48) consume alcohol and smoke, respectively. Around 29.9% (n = 148) had one other comorbidity (hypertension or dyslipidemia), and 63.4% (n = 314) had two comorbidities. Regarding the prevalence of complications, there were 18.9% (n = 94) who had myocardial infarction, 11.1% (n = 55) who had stroke, and 9% (n = 45) who had CKD. Age (adjusted OR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.07; p = 0.041) and hypertension (adjusted OR = 4.06; 95% CI 1.21 to 13.60; p = 0.023) were significantly related with the prevalence of complications in patients with diabetes. Conclusion In our study, a BMI of more than 23 kg/m2 (obese/overweight) does not seem to be associated with the prevalence of complications. Age and hypertension, on the other hand, appear to be strong risk predictors of the incidence of complications. With the understanding of the recent outlook on diabetes, it is recommended that public education on the targeted population should be encouraged to negate these complications.