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SUMMARYBackground: In the short-term, biofeedback therapy improves symptoms and anorectal function in patients with faecal incontinence but whether there is long-term improvement is incompletely understood. Aim: To prospectively evaluate bowel symptoms and anorectal function, both immediately and 12 months after biofeedback therapy. Methods: A total of 105 consecutive patients (male/ female ¼ 12/93) with faecal incontinence, unresponsive to supervised medical treatment were enrolled in biofeedback training consisting of biweekly pelvic muscle strengthening exercises, anal squeeze and sensory-motor coordination training, and reinforcement sessions at 3, 6 and 12 months. Anorectal manometry, saline continence test, stool diaries and bowel satisfaction scores were used to assess improvement.

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