Objective:To compare risk factors and progression free survival of type 1 & 2 endometrial cancers.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 149 patients with early stage endometrial carcinoma treated between 1997 and 2012 in Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi was performed.Results:A total of 149 patients were analyzed. Type I tumors accounted for 92% of cases in the study while 8% were type II tumors. The mean age, BMI, parity, co-morbidities (hypertension & Diabetes), family history and history of polycystic disease were comparable in both groups. Overall better survival (113 Vs 24 months) was observed for type I endometrial cancer.Conclusion:Both types of endometrial cancer may share common etiologic factors. Despite the limitation of small numbers in one group this study confirms better survival in type 1 endometrial cancer.

Objective: To compare maternal and perinatal outcomes in patients with threatened miscarriage with or without subchorionic hematoma (SCH) at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital. The study included 200 patients of <20 weeks singleton pregnancy with threatened miscarriage from January 2016 till December 2018. These patients were divided into two groups based on the presence (study group) or absence of subchorionic hematoma (control) on ultrasound imaging. Baseline demographic data, and obstetric outcomes were compared for the two groups. Results: The incidence of subchorionic hematoma was observed to be 30.5% (61/200). Most of the patients of SCH and non SCH groups presented in first trimester. Age and BMI were similar for both groups however there were more multigravida patients in the SCH group (63% versus 46.7%, P=0.12). A higher number of patients in the SCH group ended up in spontaneous miscarriage in contrast to patients with no SCH (13% versus 6.1%, P=0.07) and also had a greater proportion of small for gestational age (SGA) babies (8.9% versus 3.9%) though no statistical significance was observed. There were more preeclamptic patients in SCH group as compared to non SCH group (4.8% versus 0.7%) and the trend was statistically significant (P=0.05). However, no significant correlation of hematoma size and adverse pregnancy outcomes was found in SCH group. Conclusion: Our study shows that women with threatened miscarriage having SCH are at a higher risk of having preeclampsia and SGA and hence these pregnancies warrant greater surveillance. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4283 How to cite this:Naz S, Irfan S, Naru T, Malik A. Subchorionic hematoma and pregnancy outcomes in patients with threatened miscarriage. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4283 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Objective: This study was planned to observe the prevalence of endometrial carcinoma in patients with complex endometrial hyperplasia. It has also assessed the risk factors for concomitant endometrial carcinoma. Materials and methods:Retrospective analysis of 71 patients with complex endometrial hyperplasia surgically treated between 1995 and 2015 in Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, was performed. Results:The prevalence rate of concurrent endometrial carcinoma in patients with endometrial hyperplasia was 34%. The rate for concurrent endometrial carcinoma in patients with complex hyperplasia with atypia was 49% as compared with 4.2% in patients without atypia. Cancer risk was significantly related to menopause (p = 0.043) and presence of atypia (p = 0.0005).Multivariate analysis to adjust for confounders revealed that cytological atypia [odds ratio (OR), 17.12; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.07-141.42], menopause (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 0.51-7.91), and hypertension (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 0.51-5.44) were independent risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia coexisting with endometrial carcinoma Conclusion: The optimal management for menopausal women with complex hyperplasia along with atypia should be surgical intervention. We recommend that these women should be managed in centers where expertise and skills of adequate surgical staging are available.