Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of pregnant colonization by group B Streptococcus (GBS) and to verify whether socioeconomic and demographic conditions are risk factors for colonization by this bacterium. Method: This cross-sectional study included the collection of sociodemographic data through a questionnaire and authorization to access the result of the cultivation of vaginal swabs for the investigation of GBS of 50 women treated at the Unified Health System (SUS) in a laboratory in the municipality of Medianeira, PR, between august and september 2020. Results: The population studied showed a 14% prevalence of colonization by GBS, within national and world standards. Among the factors analyzed, the only significant and protective association was living with fewer people in the same house, up to two people, reducing the risk of developing a positive culture for GBS by more than 5 times (5.54) when compared to pregnant women who live with more than 3 people in the same residence (p <0.1; RR = 0.181, CI 90% 0.04-0.82). There was no association between colonization by GBS with age, skin color, school education, occupation and type of housing, income, fixed partner, parity and gestational symptoms. Conclusion: This study requires greater sampling for statistical strengthening, however it indicates basic data for the creation of GBS disease prevention protocols based on the applied community.

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