Surgical treatment of EMF should be considered a palliative procedure because surgery does not alter the progressive nature of the disease. However, surgical therapy is recommended for patients with EMF and heart failure as it is their only hope of survival.

ProblemProviding health care for children with congenital heart diseases remains a major challenge in low- and middle-income countries.ApproachIn October 2011, the Government of Paraíba, Brazil, established a paediatric cardiology network in partnership with the nongovernmental organization Círculo do Coração. A cardiology team supervised all network activities, using the Internet to keep in contact with remote health facilities. The network developed protocols for screening heart defects. Echocardiograms were performed by physicians under direct online supervision of a cardiologist; alternatively, a video recording of the examination was subsequently reviewed by a cardiologist. Cardiovascular surgeons came to a paediatric hospital in the state capital once a week to perform heart surgeries.Local settingUntil 2011, the State of Paraíba had no structured programme to care for children with heart disease. This often resulted in missed or late diagnosis, with adverse health consequences for the children.Relevant changesFrom 2012 to 2014, 73 751 babies were screened for heart defects and 857 abnormalities were identified. Detection of congenital heart diseases increased from 4.09 to 11.62 per 1000 live births (P < 0.001). Over 6000 consultations and echocardiograms were supervised via the Internet. Time to diagnosis, transfers and hospital stays were greatly reduced. A total of 330 operations were carried out with 6.7% (22/330) mortality.Lessons learntAccess to an echocardiography machine with remote supervision by a cardiologist improves the detection of congenital heart disease by neonatologists; virtual outpatient clinics facilitate clinical management; the use of Internet technology with simple screening techniques allows resources to be allocated more efficiently.

Entre dezembro de 1977 e dezembro de 1997, 83 doentes com endomiocardiofibrose (EMF) foram submetidos a decorticação endocárdica e substituição ou reparo das valvas atrioventriculares. Sessenta e seis (79,6%) eram do sexo feminino e 17 (20,4%) do masculino, variando as idades de 4 a 59 anos (média 31). Trinta e sete (44,5%) pacientes tinham doença biventricular, 34 (41%) apenas do ventrículo direito e 12 (14,5%) apresentavam EMF limitada ao ventrículo esquerdo. Todos estavam na classe funcional III ou IV da classificação da New York Heart Association. Sessenta e oito (81,9%) pacientes sobreviveram à operação e foram seguidos por período de tempo que variou de um mês a 17 anos. O tempo total de seguimento foi de 6.290 pacientes/meses (média: 92 meses). Houve 15 óbitos tardios, mas em 6 a causa não esteve relacionada à doença de base. Quatro (5,8%) doentes apresentaram recidiva da fibrose e foram reoperados; em 6 (8,8%) apareceu fibrose no outro ventrículo. Cinco (7,3%) pacientes foram reoperados, seja para retroca de prótese valvular, seja para substituir a valva preservada na primeira operação. Somente 24 (45%) dos atuais 53 sobreviventes estão em classe funcional I ou II. A curva de sobrevida actuarial, incluindo a mortalidade operatória, revelou que a probabilidade de sobrevida, 17 anos após a operação, é de 55%. Conclui-se que o tratamento cirúrgico da EMF deve ser considerado um procedimento paliativo porque a operação não impede a progressão da doença. Mesmo assim a operação é recomendada em pacientes com EMF e sintomas de insuficiência cardíaca, visto ser a única forma de tratamento.
Eighty-three patients with endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) underwent endocardial decortication and atrioventricular valve replacement or repair between December, 1977, and December, 1997. There were 66 (79.6%) female and 17 (20.4%) male patients, ranging in age from 4 to 59 years (mean, 31). Thirty-seven (44.5%) had biventricular disease 134 (41.0%) had disease of the right ventricle alone and 12 (14.5%) had EMF confined to the left ventricle. All were in functional class III or IV (New York Heart Association classification). Sixty-eight (81.9%) patients survived the operation and were followed-up for periods of time ranging from 1 month to 17 years. The total follow-up time was 6,290 patient/months (mean, 92 months). There were 15 late deaths but in 6 the cause was not related to the underlying disease. Four (5.8%) patients presented recurrence of the fibrosis and were reoperated and in 6 (8.8%) EMF appeared in the other ventricle. Five (7.3%) patients were reoperated to replace either a valve prosthesis or a native valve which had been preserved during the first procedure. Only 24 (45%) of the 53 living patients are in functional class I or II. The actuarial probability of survival at 17 years, including operative mortality, was 55%. In conclusion, surgical treatment of EMF should be considered a palliative procedure because surgery does not stop the progressive nature of the disease. However, surgical therapy is recommended...

RESUMO: Descrevemos 2 casos de teratoma intrapericárdico, tumor-cardíaco primário raro, usualmente encontrado em neonatos e lactentes e que pode causar insuficiência respiratória, grande acúmulo de líqüido pericárdico e compressão cardíaca, levando à morte no período intra-uterino ou neonatal. Em ambos os casos, o diagnóstico foi estabelecido pelo ecocardiograma realizado em criança de 3 meses com sinais de tamponamento cardíaco e no feto de uma gestante no curso da 38' semana de gravidez. Ressecção cirúrgica com sucesso em ambos os pacientes foi realizada nas idades de 3 meses e 3 dias de vida, respectivamente. A histologia confirmou o diagnóstico de teratoma. Enfatiza-se a acurácia do diagnóstico ecocardiográfico nestes casos e a importância da indicação cirúrgica precoce.

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