Hypericum perforatum (HP) is a plant native to Asia and Europe. It has been documented to enclose medical effects against many disorders such as anxiety, depression and burns. This experiment was performed to evaluate the gastro-protective effect of Hypericum perforatum leaf extract in ethanol induced gastric ulcer in rats as compared to esomeprazole (the drug of choice for stomach ulcers). The mechanism of action was performed by Auto Dock Vina method.Ethanol ingestion up regulated the inflammatory reaction as demonstrated by rise of gastric proinflammatory TNF-α with a decline of IL-1β. On the other hand, the phytochemical screening of HP revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, steroids and saponins. The high dose of HP group shows mild injuries to the gastric mucosa which is comparable to the esomeprazole group, in contrast, severe damages are observed in the gastric mucosa of the ulcer control rats group. In silico results revealed that Amentoflavone and Quercitrin have highest affinity and very good interactions with Hþ/Kþ ATPase α active site. This study showed that HP is nearly as effective as esomeprazole to prevent ethanol induced gastric ulcer the plant extract and it has more binding affinity than esomeprazole to gastric proton pumps.

The potential therapeutic properties of indigenous plants have been studied worldwide and were used either for treatment or prevention of various diseases. Punicagranatum (pomegranate), a plant from family Lythraceae, has been reported to enclose many medical properties like chemopreventive, 1 antioxidant, 2 antifungal, 3 anti-inflammatory, 4 antibacterial, 5 and wound healing. 6 It also has been reported to have a preventive role against obesity. 7 Phytochemical screening of Punicagranatum extract found to contain steroids, triterpenoids, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, carbohydrate tannins, and vitamin C. 8 The red color of juice can be pointed to anthocyanins such as cyanidin, delphinidin and pelargonidin glycosides. 9,10 The peel contains three times more polyphenols compared to the pulp such as catechins, condensed t a n n i n s 1 1 g a l l o c a t e c h i n s a n d prodelphinidins. 12 This study aimed to study the antibacterial and anti-ulcerogenic activities of Punicagranatum peel extract on ethanol induced gastric lesions on experimental rats.Background and objectives: Punicagranatum (pomegranate) is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree from the family Lythraceae. It has been cultivated since ancient times throughout the Mediterranean region. Different parts of it have been used for research, such as fruits, peels, and juice. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and anti-ulcer effect of Punicagranatum peel extract and to screen the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF β1) in rat's blood serum after stomach ulcer was induced by ethanol. Methods: Twenty four rats were divided randomly into 4 groups; GroupI(ulcer positive group) rats were (experimental) orally administered 5 ml/kg sterilized distilled water (the vehicle). Group II (ulcer negative group) rats were orally administered 5 ml/kg of 20 mg/kg esomeprazole. Groups III and groups IV were orally administered 5 ml/kg of 250 and 500 mg/kg of Punicagranatum plant extract, respectively. Results: Data showed an antibacterial activity of Punicagranatum peel extract against gram positive and gram negative bacteria and the best antibiotic in which both bacteria were sensitive to was norfloxacin(10 µg). Treatment with Punicagranatum peel extract and esomeprazole had protective effects on stomach gastric mucosa, which indicate an anti-ulcer effect confirmed by the high levels of TGFβ1 in serum. Conclusion:We conclude that Punicagranatum peel extract exhibit antibacterial effect and possess a protective role against ethanol induced gastric ulcer in rats.

including diabetes mellitus. Examination of Helicobacter pylori, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), besides measuring blood pressure and body mass index were performed for all individual subjects in both groups. Chi-Square and unpaired t-test were used for data analysis. Results: There was a 59% positively Helicobacter pylori in diabetes group whereas there was a 31% positively Helicobacter pylori in non-diabetes mellitus. The difference between the rates of Helicobacter pylori in both groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in diabetics was significantly higher than the non-diabetics.

A urinary tract infection is a colonization of uropathogens anywhere in the urinary tract: kidney, ureter, bladder, and urethra. Most paediatric Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by Gram-negative coliform bacteria arising from faecal flora colonising the perineum, which enter and ascend the urinary tract.The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of UTI among febrile children of different ages presented with specific or non-specific symptoms suggestive of UTI. The samples acquired from children were cultured on MacConkey agar and Blood agar by using disposable loops. The cultures were incubated for 24 hours at 37 °C. The positive cultures were recognized by the bacterial colony features. Gram staining technique was used to distinguish Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while  VITEK® 2 microbial ID/AST was conducted for the entire diagnosis. The study observed the respondents  (48.5%) of the participants were 5 – 10 years old, more than one quarter (28.5%) of them were <5 years, the majority (83.8%) were female, and 16.2% of them were male. Regarding culture and sensitivity tests, 46.2% of children had bacteriuria. About 43.8% of infections were caused by Gram-negative bacteria, while only 2.3% were caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Escherichia coli was the most common cause of urinary tract infection (UTI), accounting for 32.3%, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.1%) and only 1.5% of patients had Staphylococcus Aureus.  The uropathogens were mostly resistant to the cephalosporin group.  E. coli remained the most predominant uropathogen in children. The results showed that meropenem, imipenem, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin were drug of choice in UTI therapy.