rofessional dancers exhibit high levels of spatial skills as demonstrated by their ability to orient and position themselves correctly in space. Spatial skills along with years of training, flexibility, and strength contribute to a dancer's exceptional balance abilities (3). The dancer's capability to maintain relationships between specific body parts and the whole body in space is dependent in part on the ability to use kinesthetic signals. Although balance responses rely on the interaction among the visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems, it is not known if dancers are more proficient than the general population in using one or all of these sensory systems to maintain their balance.The systems model theory of balance control suggests that sensory, motor, and cognitive elements must be integrated to maintain erect stance. The integrative sensory input results in nonstereotypic motor behavior that is specific to prior experience as well as the initial conditions of the task, individual, and environment. Combining sensory information in the central nervous system is termed "sensory organization" (10). Although sensory systems provide somewhat similar information about the conditions of the internal and external environment, each system has a specific function. The central

Background Electrical stimulation is an established treatment for muscle weakness. However, traditional tectonic stimulation is poorly tolerated in children as a result of discomfort. Threshold electrical stimulation performed at night reportedly increases muscle strength in a variety of neuromuscular conditions and has been well tolerated in children. Questions/purposes We asked whether threshold electrical stimulation treatment at night would increase strength and function in children with myelomeningocele.