To make quantum coin flipping protocols more practical, we propose a new method that makes single-shot quantum coin flipping (SS-QCF) protocols tolerant of loss and noise. First, we present a new SS-QCF protocol which is a modification version of the previous one by Berlín et al.[ Phys. Rev. A Vol. 80 (2009), p. 062321]. Next, we prove that our protocol performs well against loss and noise. It shows that the presented protocol is able to be applied in real-world channels.

OFDM usually incorporates pilot tones in the frequency domain (FD) or training symbols in the time-domain (TD) to facilitate channel estimation algorithms. TD channel estimation becomes more attractive in quasi-static channels because channel estimation scheme will optimize the spectral efficiency by re-using the training symbols designated for FD channel estimation. A channel estimation method based on time domain averaging algorithm is proposed. Due to the principle of centralized energy in time domain, the effective channel impulse response length can be detected by setting of threshold for the estimated channel impulse response length. Computer simulation demonstrates the performance of the proposed algorithms in terms of bit error rate performance.

3G standards such as TD-SCDMA use multi-user detection (MUD) at the base station to combat multi address interference (MAI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI). We review Cholesky factorization and Schur algorithm for Zero Forcing Block Linear Equalization. We compare the solutions of different algorithm for ZF-BLE by computation, and analyze the complexity of those methods.