In this study, AlGaInP red light emitting diodes with sizes ranging from 5 to 50 micrometers were fabricated and characterized. The atomic layer deposition technology is applied to coat a layer of silicon dioxide for passivation and protection. The top emission area is covered by ITO layer to maximize the optical output. From the optical measurement, the linewidth and emission peaks shift very little among different current levels (from 30 to 150 A/cm2). High current level lifetests are performed and a 15 µm ALD device can last 27 hours of continuous operation at 100 A/cm2 before their diode junction failed. A much shorter lifetime of 5.32 hours was obtained when the driving current is raised to 400 A/cm2. When the same condition was applied to 15 µm PECVD devices, 25 hours and 4.33 hours are registered for 100 A/cm2 and 400 A/cm2 tests, respectively. The cross-sectional SEM reveals the voids, defects, and dark lines developed during the aging tests, and most of them are caused by top contact failure. The surface layers of ITO and SiO2 were melted and the dark lines which were originated from the top surface propagated through the device and led to the eventual failure of the diode. The optical intensity degradation slopes of different sizes of devices indicate a large device can last longer in this accelerated aging test. The efficiencies of the devices are also evaluated by the ABC model and the fitted bimolecular coefficient ranges from 1.35 to 3.40×10−10 cm3/s.

This paper proposes a new path planning strategy called the navigation strategy with path priority (NSPP) for multiple robots moving in a large flat space. In the space, there may be some static or/and dynamic obstacles. Suppose we have the path-priority order for each robot, then this article aims to find an efficient path for each robot from its starting point to its target point without any collision. Here, a generalized Voronoi diagram (GVD) is used to perform the map division based on each robot’s path-priority order, and the proposed NSPP is used to do the path planning for the robots in the space. This NSPP can be applied to any number of robots. At last, there are several simulations with a different number of robots in a circular or rectangular space to be shown that the proposed method can complete the task effectively and has better performance in average trajectory length than those by using the benchmark methods of the shortest distance algorithm (SDA) and reciprocal orientation algorithm (ROA).

Purpose Based on laser-range-finder (LRF) sensing, the control design of location and orientation stabilization for the mobile robot is investigated. However, the practical limitation of the LRF sensing is usually ignored in the control design, which leads to incorrect localization and unexpected control results. The purpose of this study is to design the fuzzy controller subject to the practical limitation on the LRF-based localization for a differentially driven wheeled mobile robot. Design/methodology/approach First, the Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model is derived from the polar kinematic model of a differentially driven mobile robot. Then, the fuzzy controller is designed to the derived T-S fuzzy kinematic model in accordance with the Lyapunov stabilization theorem. The derived Lyapunov stabilization conditions for the fuzzy control design are expressed as the linear matrix inequality (LMI) form and effectively solved by LMI tools. The practical limitation on the LRF-based localization is also expressed as the LMI form and simultaneously solved with the control design. Finding The location and posture stabilization experiments are carried out on a mobile robot with LRF-based localization to prove the effectiveness of the proposed T-S fuzzy model-based control design. Furthermore, the ground truth experiment evaluates the accuracy of LRF-based localization. Originality/value The contribution of this study is to develop the fuzzy control law for a differentially driven wheeled mobile robot under the practical limitation on LRF-based localization. The proposed control design can be applied to other robots with practical limitations on the sensors.

In the paper, the author will analyze the provisions in the international conventions and in some western legal systems, and probe into the particular characteristics of the civil liability of nuclear damage. The author of the article concludes that the major nuclear states in the world usually have adopted diverse remedy mechanism, including the responsibility of nuclear facility operators, social responsibility, and the state compensation liability to provide adequate, timely and reasonable legal remedies for victims.Key words: International Nuclear Damage; Civil Liability; Paris Convention; Vienna Convention

The effects of 3Z2B addition on the microwave dielectric properties and the microstructures of (1-x)(Mg0.95Co0.05)TiO3-xCa0.6La0.8/3TiO3ceramics prepared with conventional solid-state route have been investigated. Doping with 3Z2B can effectively promote the densification and the microwave dielectric properties of (1-x)(Mg0.95Co0.05)TiO3-xCa0.6La0.8/3TiO3ceramics. It was found that (1-x)(Mg0.95Co0.05)TiO3-xCa0.6La0.8/3TiO3ceramics can be sintered at 1150°C due to the liquid phase effect of 3Z2B additions observed by SEM. TheQ×fvalue of (1-x)(Mg0.95Co0.05)TiO3-xCa0.6La0.8/3TiO3ceramics decreased with increasing 3Z2B content. At 1150°C, 0.9(Mg0.95Co0.05)TiO3-0.1Ca0.6La0.8/3TiO3ceramics with 1.0wt% 3Z2B addition possesses a εrvalue of 22.6, a Qfvalue of 49,000 (GHz) and a τfvalue of-10.7 ppm/°C.