Tyrosine phosphorylation by protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) is a type of post-translational modification. Tec kinases, which are a subfamily of non-receptor PTKs, were originally discovered in the hematopoietic system and include five members: Tec, Btk, Itk/Emt/Tsk, Etk/Bmx, and Txk/Rlk. With the progression of modern research, certain members of the Tec family of kinases have been found to be expressed outside the hematopoietic system and are involved in the development and progression of a variety of diseases. The role of Tec family kinases in cardiovascular disease is receiving increasing attention. Tec kinases are involved in the occurrence and progression of ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, cardiac dysfunction associated with sepsis, atrial fibrillation, myocardial hypertrophy, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, and myocardial infarction and post-myocardial. However, no reviews have comprehensively clarified the role of Tec kinases in the cardiovascular system. Therefore, this review summarizes research on the role of Tec kinases in cardiovascular disease, providing new insights into the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.

Purpose The purpose was to explore the value of liver fibrosis scores (fibrosis‐4, BAAT score and BARD score) for incidence risk of stroke in a cohort study. Methods A total of 9088 participants without stroke history enrolled the follow‐up. Three liver fibrosis scores (LFSs) including FIB‐4, BARD score and BAAT score were adopted. The end point was stroke. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval. Kaplan–Meier curve was used to show the probability of stoke in different levels of LFSs. Subgroup analysis showed the association between LFSs and stroke under different stratification. Restricted cubic spline could further explore whether there is a linear relationship between LFSs and stroke. Finally, we used C‐statistics, Net Reclassification Index (NRI) and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) to assess the discriminatory power of each LFS for stroke. Results During a median follow‐up time of 4.66 years, 272 participants had a stroke. Through the baseline characteristics, we observed that the stroke incidence population tends to be male and older. It was shown by Kaplan–Meier that three LFSs were associated with stroke and high levels of LFSs significantly increase the probability of stroke. In the univariate Cox regression analysis, the HR of stroke risk was 6.04 (4.14–8.18) in FIB‐4, 2.10 (1.45–3.04) in BAAT score and 1.81 (1.38–2.38) in BARD score by comparing the high level with the low level at each LFSs. The adjusted HRs for three LFSs were 2.05 (1.33–3.15) in FIB‐4, 1.61 (1.10–2.35) in BAAT score and 1.54 (1.17–2.04) in BARD score by comparing the high group with low group. We found that multivariable‐adjusted HRs of three LFSs still increased for stroke when stratified by various factors in subgroup analysis. Moreover, after adding LFSs to original risk prediction model which consist of age, sex, drinking, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglycerides, we found that new models have higher C‐statistics of stroke. Furthermore, we calculated Net Reclassification Index (NRI) and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) to show the ability of LFSs to predict stroke. Conclusions Our study showed that three LFSs were associated with stroke amongst middle‐aged populations in rural areas of Northeast China. Furthermore, it suggests that LFSs can be used as a risk stratification tool to predict stroke.

Purpose: To explore the predictive value of liver fibrosis scores [fibrosis-4, AST/platelet ratio index, BAAT score (BMI Age ALT TG), and BARD score (BMI AST/ALT Ratio Diabetes)] for the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a hypertensive population. Methods: A total of 4164 hypertensive participants without history of CVD were enrolled in the follow-up. Four liver fibrosis scores (LFSs) were used, including the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), APRI, BAAT score, and BARD score. The endpoint was CVD incidence which was defined as stroke or coronary heart disease (CHD) during the follow-up period. Cox regression analyses were used to calculate hazard ratios between LFSs and CVD. Kaplan–Meier curve was used to show the probability of CVD in different levels of LFSs. Restricted cubic spline further explored whether the relationship between LFSs and CVD was linear. Finally, we assessed the discriminatory ability of each LFS for CVD was assessed using C -statistics, net reclassification index (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Results: During a median follow-up time of 4.66 years, 282 hypertensive participants had CVD. Kaplan–Meier curve showed that four LFSs were associated with CVD and high levels of LFSs significantly increase the probability of CVD in hypertensive population. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, the adjusted hazard ratios for four LFSs were 3.13 in FIB-4, 1.66 in APRI, 1.47 in BAAT score, and 1.36 in BARD score. Moreover, after adding LFSs to original risk prediction model, we find that all four new models have higher C -statistics of CVD than the traditional model. Furthermore, the results of both NRI and IDI were positive, indicating that LFSs enhanced the effect on the prediction of CVD. Conclusions: Our study showed that LFSs were associated with CVD in hypertensive populations in northeastern China. Furthermore, it suggested that LFSs could be a new tool for identifying patients at high risk of primary CVD in a hypertensive population.