Premature mothers present more anxiety and stress after delivery, which may be caused by mother-infant separation while hospitalised. Skin-to-skin contact (SSC), a mitigating factor for mother-infant separation, can benefit infants and mothers in many ways, but few studies focused on its efficacy on maternal anxiety and stress states. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate the effect of SSC on anxiety and stress. Comprehensive research was conducted in nine databases. Meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of SSC, and subgroup analyses were performed to explain the sources of heterogeneity. Eight randomised controlled trials with 728 participants were included, and SSC significantly reduced the level of anxiety ([standardised mean difference, SMD] À0.72; 95% CI À1.08 to À0.35) and stress state ([SMD] À0.84; 95% CI À1.59 to À0.09). One subgroup analysis revealed that SSC can relieve anxiety if performing SSC no less than 1 h per day ([SMD] À0.94; 95% CI À1.34 to À0.53). Another subgroup analysis suggested that applying SSC repeatedly and lasting less than 1 week ([SMD] À1.49; 95% CI À2.31 to À0.66) or for 1 week to 2 weeks ([SMD] À1.04; 95% CI À1.29 to À0.79) can significantly reduce maternal anxiety level but no significance if lasting over 2 weeks ([SMD]À0.33; 95% CI À0.67 to 0.01). SSC can effectively improve anxiety and stress states among premature mothers after delivery, and not definitive finding presents that only SSC that was performed no less than 60 min could improve postpartum anxiety states, while SSC alone was not as effective when carried out over 2 weeks.

Objectives This study aims to understand the current situation and multiple factors affecting the core competence specializing in the maternal, neonatal and under‐five nursing in China. Background Highly skilled nurses and midwives are essential worldwide for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries like China, due to the overwhelming COVID‐19 crisis. Method The 890 nurses and midwives from 12 hospitals were investigated in this cross‐sectional study, with two questionnaires: the sociodemographic information and competency inventory for the registered nurses. Results The participants reported a mean total score of 193.78 (±42.19) out of 220 and lowest in critical thinking and research ability (3.01 ± 0.82). The professional title, level, marital status, relationship quality, highest qualification, experience in specialist nurse training, participation in scientific research projects and publishing papers were the influencing factors (P < .05). Conclusions The respondents' core competence needs improvement, especially critical regarding thinking and research ability. In addition, marriage and good or excellent relationship quality are factors that can potentially improve competence. Implications for Nursing Management Targeted interventions for higher core nursing competence need to be implemented, especially focusing on nurses' marital status and emotional support from partners.

Introduction Phenotype switch refers to the process in which smooth muscle cells change from contractile type to synthetic type and acquire the ability of proliferation. Phenotypic transformation involves many changes of cell function, such as collagen deposition and fibrosis, which affect the normal erectile function of penis. Aim To investigate the role of miR-195-5p in regulating the Phenotype switch of the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) cells. Methods A small mother against decapentaplegic 7(Smad7) virus vector and a miR-195-5p mimics or an si-Smad7 viral vector and a miR-195-5p inhibitor were transfected into CCSM cells. The cells were obtained by primary culture of rat corpus cavernosum smooth muscle tissue. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments, Western blotting, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, transwell experiments, MTT assays, and flow cytometry were used to detect miR-195-5p, Smad7, phenotype switch markers of CCSM cells and related protein expression, as well as changes in cell morphology, migration, proliferation and apoptosis. Main Outcome Measure To study the regulation of miR-195-5p in CCSM cells by overexpression and silencing strategies. Results Overexpressed miR-195-5p promoted the transformation of CCSM cells from a contractile type to a synthetic type. Meanwhile, the migration ability and proliferation ability of CCSM cells increased, and the apoptosis rate decreased. The expression-silencing of miR-195-5p gave rise to the opposite effect. The results of the rescue experiment demonstrated that overexpressed Smad7 rescued the inhibitory of the switch of the CCSM cell phenotype from the contractile type to the synthesis type caused by overexpression of miR-195-5p alone. Moreover, the enhancement effect of the migration ability and proliferation ability of CCSM cells was also eliminated, and the apoptosis rate was increased. Silencing miR-195-5p and Smad7 at the same time resulted in the opposite effect. Conclusion miR-195-5p may regulate the phenotype switch of CCSM cells by targeting Smad7. Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhang J, et al. miR-195-5p Regulates the Phenotype Switch of CCSM Cells by Targeting Smad7. Sex Med 2021;9:100349.

Background Vaginal lubrication is a crucial physiological response that occurs at the beginning of sexual arousal. However, research on lubrication disorders (LD) is still in its infancy, and the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in LD remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the function of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of vaginal LD. Methods The expression profiles of LD and normal control (NC) lncRNAs were examined using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and eight selected differentially expressed lncRNAs were verified by quantitative real-time PCR. We conducted GO annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses to determine the principal functions of significantly deregulated genes. LncRNA-mRNA co-expression and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed and the lncRNA transcription factors (TFs) were predicted. Results From the results, we identified 181,631 lncRNAs and 145,224 mRNAs in vaginal epithelial tissue. Subsequently, our preliminary judgment revealed a total of 499 up-regulated and 337 down-regulated lncRNAs in LD. The top three enriched GO items of the dysregulated lncRNAs included the following significant terms: “contractile fiber part,” “actin filament-based process,” and “contractile fiber”. The most enriched pathways were “cell-extracellular matrix interactions,” “muscle contraction,” “cell-cell communication,” and “cGMP-PKG signaling pathway”. Our results also showed that the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was a powerful platform for predicting lncRNA functions. We determined the three hub genes, ADCY5, CXCL12, and NMU, using PPI network construction and analysis. A total of 231 TFs were predicted with RHOXF1, SNAI2, ZNF354C and TBX15 were suspected to be involved in the mechanism of LD. Conclusion In this study, we constructed the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network, predicted the lncRNA TFs, and comprehensively analyzed lncRNA expression profiles in LD, providing a basis for future studies on LD clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Further research is also needed to fully determine lncRNA’s role in LD development.

Lubrication disorder is a common health issue that manifests as insufficient sexual arousal at the beginning of sex. It often causes physical and psychological distress. However, there are few studies on lubrication disorder, and the complexity of circular RNA (circRNA) and the related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in lubrication disorder is still poorly known. Therefore, this study aims to build a regulatory circRNA-micro (mi)RNA-mRNA network and explore potential molecular markers of lubrication disorder. In the study, 12 subjects were recruited, including 6 in the lubrication disorder group and 6 in the normal control group. RNA sequencing was exploited to identify the expression profiles of circRNA, miRNA and mRNA between two groups, and then to construct the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks. The enrichment analyses of the differentially expressed (DE)-mRNAs were examined via Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Furthermore, the expression level and interactions among circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA were validated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and dual-luciferase reporter assays. In the results, 73 circRNAs, 287 miRNAs, and 354 target mRNAs were differentially expressed between two groups when taking | Log2 (fold change)| &gt; 1 and P-value &lt; 0.05 as criteria, and then the results of GSEA revealed that DE-mRNAs were linked with “vascular smooth muscle contraction,” “aldosterone regulated sodium reabsorption,” “calcium signaling pathway,” etc. 19 target relationships among 5 circRNAs, 4 miRNAs, and 7 mRNAs were found and constructed the ceRNA network. Among them, hsa-miR-212-5p and hsa-miR-874-3p were demonstrated to be related to the occurrence of lubrication disorder. Eventually, consistent with sequencing, RT-qPCR showed that hsa_circ_0026782 and ASB2 were upregulated while hsa-miR-874-3p was downregulated, and dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed the interactions among them. In summary, the findings indicate that the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network is presented in lubrication disorder, and ulteriorly provide a deeper understanding of the specific regulatory mechanism of lubrication disorder from the perspective of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network.