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In the present study, the effect of pipe materials on water quality as well as the microbial community was researched with static devices as well as dynamic ones. Five kinds of pipe materials (SP: steel plastic composite pipe, SS: stainless steel pipe, DI: ductile iron pipe, CI: cast iron pipe, GS: galvanized steel pipe) were chosen, and the soaking experiment was carried out with bench-scale devices. To further investigate the performance of pipe materials over a long term, a pilot-scale simulated drinking water distribution system was constructed, and the water quality parameters were monitored for six months. The pipe materials were ranked as SP, DI, and CI by the order of increasing turbidity, CODMn, and NH3-N. Furthermore, the biofilm samples were analyzed via pyrosequencing and COG functional categories. The DI biofilm possessed the highest bacterial diversity with a Shannon index of 3.56, followed by SP (3.14) and CI (0.77). The presence of nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB), iron-oxidizing bacteria (IOB), iron-reducing bacteria (IRB), and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)was identified, and NRB composed the largest share in all pipe materials (13.0%–17.2%), with other redox bacteria making up a minor proportion (0.02%–1.52%). NRB and IRB inhibited the corrosion process while IOB and SRB enhanced it. Most dominant genera present in samples were derived firstly from soil or active sludge, indicating a turbidity problem due to soil contamination in the distribution network.

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