Both the negative buoyancy of the oceanic lithosphere and the plate convergence force are proposed to initiate new subduction (Gurnis et al., 2004;Stern, 2004;Stern and Gerya, 2018). The former dominates the process of spontaneous subduction initiation, while the latter drives the induced subduction initiation. Subduction polarity reversal (SPR), which always follows a prior intra-oceanic subduction (Brown et al., 2011;Dewey, 2005) is widely accepted to be the typical compression-induced subduction in response to the arc-continent collision (

Plate tectonics provides a powerful description of the kinematics of the solid Earth and plays a fundamental role in supporting the energy, mass, and chemical cycling since its onset. However, when and how plate tectonics began has been a focus of research since its discovery (