Meteorological forecasting can not only reduce the losses caused by natural disasters to human society but also has a very important significance in the fields of water conservancy, aviation, and transportation. In order to improve the accuracy of meteorological forecasting, we should focus on the in-depth optical analysis of atmospheric cloud distribution. Compared with forward-scattered laser light, backscattered laser light can save more optical information. Therefore, this paper studies the backscattering of polarized laser light distributed in atmospheric clouds. In this study, a simulated annealing algorithm was used to invert the data of spaceborne lidar to obtain the depolarization degree and backscattering coefficient of atmospheric clouds and aerosols at different heights. Finally, based on the radar measurement example, the simulated annealing algorithm was used to analyze the atmospheric information of sunny, cloudy, and hazy weather in summer and winter, and the atmospheric depolarization and backscattering coefficients corresponding to different weather heights were obtained. The corresponding cloud layer type was judged. The research results prove the feasibility of the simulated annealing algorithm in the study of polarized laser backscattering in atmospheric cloud distribution. This study provides new ideas for radar data processing methods and provides a theoretical basis for further research in the field of meteorological forecasting.

To improve the photoelectric test accuracy of moving objects, in this study, the speed attenuation caused by air resistance was introduced into the double-N six-light-screen test system, and the test system was theoretically analyzed through oblique incidence with field experiment for verification. It was found in the study that the optimal test values for yaw angle, pitch angle, axial speed, and distance could be obtained by selecting the pulse time origin at the center of two light screen groups. In addition, mud pellets were used for field experiments to effectively verify the simulation results. In a new model, the test accuracy of yaw angle and pitch angle was greatly improved when compared with traditional processing methods, but the laws of error distribution remained almost unchanged. The error of axial speed showed monotonicity as affected by the pitch angle. At the same time, the error of test distance remained symmetric with the improved accuracy, thereby meeting the statistical test requirements for small-volume moving objects.

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Cirrus clouds contain a large number of irregular small ice crystals. These solid ice crystals cause energy loss and reduce the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver, causing errors in reception. Considering the random motion and structural diversity of ice particles in cirrus clouds, the discrete dipole approximation method was used to establish sphere-sphere, sphere–ellipsoid, sphere-hexagonal prism, and sphere-hexagonal plate ice particle models. The effects of different agglomerated ice particles on the laser extinction, absorption, and scattering efficiency, as well as the laser intensity and Mueller matrix elements, were analyzed, and the scattering characteristics of agglomerated ice particles in different spatial orientations were preliminarily explored. The results show that the spatial orientation of the clustered particles has great influence on the scattering characteristics. The maximum relative error of the scattering efficiency was 200%, and the maximum relative error value of the elements of the Mueller matrix reaches 800-fold. The results of this study provide theoretical support for further analysis of the scattering characteristics of ice crystal particles with complex agglomeration structures and for further study of the scattering characteristics of randomly moving agglomeration particles in cirrus clouds.