Drought is one of the most widespread global environmental problems leading to low water availability for plants, which causes a significant loss in growth, productivity and finally their yields. In the present study, the effect of drought stress on growth characteristics, physiological and biochemical parameters of Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea at seedling stage under nursery conditions have been discussed. Pot culture experiments were conducted in RBD design to observe the effect of moderate drought (MD) and severe drought (SD) stress on the selected seedling sunder nursery conditions for one year. Moderate and severe drought conditions were artificially created with the help of CPE (Cumulative Pan Evaporation) values and PWP (Permanent Wilting Point). The amount of water equal to the calculated field capacity was provided to each polybag at the interval of calculated CPE. Physiological parameters viz. photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the seedlings were measured. Total Chlorophyll and Proline content were estimated for biochemical analysis. The outcome of the experiment showed that with the increasing age of the seedling, the effect of drought become more pronounced till the end of the experiment in terms of growth characteristics. Also, the severe drought condition was more lethal to the selected species seedlings. Further, the decreasing biomass, physiological parameters and chlorophyll content were found along with increased proline content with the severity of drought stress confirm the result. However, G. arborea found to be more affected than T. grandis. Hence, it can be concluded that the T. grandis species is better for plantation in an area with the moderate drought and can be maintained in severe drought climatic conditions. The plantations of suitable tree species in drought-prone areas will be helpful in sustainable forest management and resilient the forest ecosystem to climate change.

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Angiosperms are one of the most important biodeteriogens that grow on old building of historical and religious importance and cause biophysical and biochemical decay. During these study angiosperms caused biodeterioration to the historical monuments of Doon valley was studied. This study was conducted on two monuments of Doon valley i.e. Darbar Sahib and Tapkeshwar Temple. The study was conducted in various seasons i.e. rainy, winter and summer. A total number of twenty-four angiosperms were collected from Darbar Sahib and thirty-six from Tapkeshwar Temple. Maximum number of genera was collected during rainy season from both the monuments in which genera of Asteraceae, Scrophulariaceae and Poaceae were more common.

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