Despite longitudinal studies conducted along written and oral codeswitching linguistic prevalence considering ESL context, none of the ensuing studies has attempted to propose a theory delineating the preceding occurrence committed by L2 interlocutors which add to the novelty aspect of this paper. The quantitative analysis redounds to the formation of philosophical data on the constructive aspects associated to codeswitching occurrence in ESL classroom despite its adverse impressions in the context of pedagogy. This paper predominantly explores codeswitching from L1 to L2 in a multifaceted milieu as it has hidden purposes and functions along the channels of communication. For instance, codeswitching for equivalence (Mam the villain in the story is “masama”, because uhmmm…. She done bad thing to the main character). After careful scrutiny, the study emphasizes that the highlighted linguistic prevalence should uncover its positive aspects for communicative competence sake. The paramount goal must always be the understanding of the text and glitches along the channels of communication must be deemed secondary. This practice has functions and purposes in the context of the interlocutors of the language itself. They do such for clarity, emphasis, emotion expression, and equivalence for the most part. The role of ESL teachers counts a lot to bring the students to a high level of communicative competence. L1 shall serve as a bridge to reach L2 fluency.

This paper discussed the use of Hispanic poems as sources of Filipino culture and local historical data (directly or indirectly mentioned in the poems), in teaching regional culture (of Bicol) and history. The poems are originally written in Spanish language and are translated into English by Hornedo. The analysis employed qualitative-descriptive approach of literary criticism, anchored on the theory of New Historicism and formalist-contextualist approach. In particular, the analysis delved on the content rather than on form and structure. Findings revealed that the poems are good sources of information about the image of the places in terms of physical and cultural milieu. Furthermore, the poems were found to be reflective of reliable materials in understanding Bicol soil and of the way of life of its inhabitants. These findings suggest that literature and history be taught side by side with original materials from a certain locality that eventually unveil cultural identity.

The study devised a teacher-made test to identify the needs and difficulties of the students in English Plus and the results were utilized to revise and enrich the syllabus. The descriptive – evaluative method was employed in this research. A teacher-made test was administered to 200 students selected by random sample. Content analysis of the syllabi of the professors and instructors were used as basis in constructing the teacher-made test. The areas under the English Proficiency Test in the SSC Admission Test were also considered. Results of the study revealed that naming words, word groups and paragraph organization are areas with performance level (PL) of 0-49 and are considered as difficult while areas like vocabulary, modifiers and verbs with (PL) of 50-75 are considered as nearly difficult. These results are the basis of the revised and enriched syllabus. It is concluded that almost all competencies in the areas cited were all considered as needs and difficulties of the English Plus students. Thus, there is the need for the inclusion of these competencies in the syllabus and an outline of a teaching guide.   Keywords - Teaching guide, English plus, syllabus

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This paper discussed the mitigation practices and challenges faced by Local Water Districts (LWDs) during the Covid-19 pandemic in terms of collection, consumption, water resource, human resource and accessibility of its services to continue promoting better service. The researchers applied phenomenological approach and utilized qualitative data gathering through digital forms and follow up interviews to the representative participants from the local water districts in the Philippines. This study is a joint effort in relation to the academe’s function in terms of research to the industry. Its framework was anchored on the theory of change, vital to program success where managers can be better assured that their programs deliver the right activities toward the desired outcomes. Findings revealed that the LWDs have faced varied challenges where they fit their innovative practices. The use of technology is considered both a great help and challenge, depending on the category level of the water district. The researchers concluded that the LWDs focused on the welfare of their concessionaires, employees and upgraded their facilities, regardless of their financial capabilities. It was recommended that the management need to adapt technology, provide further innovative practices, and continue with information dissemination to the concessionaires.