The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the pocket technique for the treatment of prolapsed third eyelid gland in dogs. In 14 cases of protruded third eyelid gland, Morgan’s pocket technique was used. Duration of protrusion ranged from 7 days to 6 months. The affected dogs were of 6 months to 2 years. In four dogs the cherry eye was bilateral. Nine dogs were male and 5 were female. Eighteen protruded third eyelid glands were surgically treated with success in 15 eyes. Pocket technique was successfully used for repositioning of prolapsed gland of the third eyelid in dogs.

Background: Horses mount a huge stress response to anesthesia when compared to other animals, hence are risky candidates for anesthesia. Inhalant anesthetic agents offer more control to anesthetic depth and facilitate rapid recovery, hence are considered to be safer than intravenous agents for surgical procedures requiring more than an hour, however, newer drug combinations are being explored to minimize the undesired consequences and dose rate of inhalant agents. The present study explored the safety of dexmedetomidine, ketamine and lidocaine constant rate infusion alone or as a combination along with Isoflurane for safer anesthesia in horses.Methods: The study was conducted on 28 horses divided into S, D, DK and DKL groups having 7 animals in each. Xylazine (1 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.05mg/kg) were given intravenously for premedication. Ketamine (2 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) were used for induction and anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane. Normal saline (1000ml/hour), Dexmedetomidine (2µg/kg/hr), Dexmedetomidine and ketamine (2 µg/kg/hr and 2 mg/kg/hr) and Dexmedetomidine, ketamine and lidocaine (2 µg/kg/hr, 2 mg/kg/hr and 2 mg/kg/h) were given as CRI in groups S, D, DK and DKL, respectively. Thiopentone sodium (250mg bolus, 5%) was given as a fast intravenous bolus whenever required. Anesthetic efficacy was evaluated based on clinical, haemato-biochemical, hemodynamic, and endocrine variables.Result: A significant decline in mean arterial pressure was noticed in group DKL but changes in CVP and SpO2 in different groups were non-significant. Higher Blood glucose and low Insulin levels were seen in group DK during 45-60 min. Constant rate infusions of Dexmedetomidine, Ketamine and Lidocaine alone or in combination produced a significant sparing effect on Isoflurane and thiopentone while they improved peri-operative quality of anesthesia in horses.

| An exclusive literature on ocular dermoids in crossbred Indian cattle is currently unavailable except for sporadic reports. Medical records of past four years (2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) were investigated for evaluation of ocular dermoids in crossbred Indian cattle. The overall incidence of ocular dermoids was found to be 0.345% (5/1451). All the animals were less than five months of age. Based on anatomical location, four types of ocular dermoid were noticed either alone or in combination, both unilaterally and/or bilaterally. Unilateral presentation was common and the ventrolateral corneoconjunctival dermoid predominated by type. Bilateral coexistence of both ventrolateral corneoconjunctival dermoid and medial canthus dermoid in a single eye was noticed in a calf and is believed to be the first report of this kind. Histopathological evaluation of the ocular choristomas showed hair shafts and bulbs in addition to sebaceous and sweat glands. Postoperative evaluation showed adequate response to the surgical treatment adopted without any subsequent recurrence. Following surgical excision, a calf with bilateral corneoconjunctival dermoid repaired by superficial keratectomy and conjunctival flap developed iris prolapse, iridocyclitis and phthisis bulbi and subsequently underwent unilateral enucleation of eyeball. The acquired data was compared and evaluated with literature reviews.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of subanesthetic doses of ketamine given prior to premedication on the quality of anesthesia, recovery, and postoperative pain in horses. Eighteen horses were randomly recruited into three equal groups, S, LK, and HK, wherein saline, ketamine at 0.2 mg/kg body weight (bwt), and ketamine at 0.4 mg/kg bwt were given, respectively, i.v. for 30 min as a continuous rate infusion (CRI). Horses were premedicated with xylazine at 1 mg/kg bwt i.v. and butorphanol at 0.05 mg/kg bwt i.v. after 30 min. Anesthesia was induced using ketamine and midazolam and was maintained with ketamine at 2 mg/kg/h as CRI, and bolus doses of thiopental 5% solution was given i.v. whenever necessary. Preemptive ketamine infusion clinically enhanced the quality of sedation and enabled smooth induction with significantly (P < 0.05) higher sedation and postinfusion ataxia and shorter down-time (P < 0.05) in group HK. Physiological, hematological, serological, and vital parameters remained within normal limits. All the horses recovered well without any adverse effects and stood in less than 2 h after surgery. Fluctuation in pain scores at 1 h and 2 h after the end of surgery was minimum in group HK.

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