Federal housing recovery policy bounds many of the decisions made by households after a disaster. Within this policy domain, home buyout programs are increasingly used to encourage residents to permanently relocate out of areas considered at risk for future hazards. While buyouts offer homeowners and governments potential benefits, research exploring the impacts of these policies is limited. In this paper, we present an in-depth examination of the community experience of buyouts, a perspective that is noticeably lacking in the literature. Using data from two mixed-method empirical studies, we explored the implications of buyout program design and implementation for Oakwood Beach, New York, a community offered a buyout after Hurricane Sandy. We found that design decisions made at program conception significantly impacted participants' experience of the buyout, including their understanding of program goals and their progression through the buyout and relocation process. We conclude with recommendations for future buyouts, including increased inclusion of affected communities in the process of and pre-event planning for recovery, along with recommendations for future research.

Hurricane Sandy struck the east coast of the United States on October 29, 2012, devastating communities in its path. In the aftermath, New York implemented a home buyout program designed to facilitate the permanent relocation of residents out of areas considered to be at risk for future hazards. While home buyout programs are becoming popular as policy tools for disaster mitigation, little is known about what factors influence homeowners to participate in or reject these programs. This study used mixed methods to assess the relationship between community resilience and the relocation decision in two heavily damaged communities in which the majority of residents made different decisions regarding whether or not to pursue a buyout. The sample was composed of residents from Oakwood Beach and Rockaway Park, both working-class communities in New York City, who participated via a community survey (N = 133) and/or in-depth interviews (N = 28). Results suggested that community resilience moderated the relationship between community of residence and the buyout decision, leading to opposite responses on the buyout decision. Contextual community factors, including the history of natural disasters, local cultural norms, and sense of place, were instrumental in explaining these different responses. Implications for disaster policy are discussed.

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Home buyout programs are implemented in the aftermath of disasters, with the goal of moving households or entire communities out of areas that are at risk for a future hazard event. Buyout programs offer residents pre-disaster market value for their homes to relocate away from a hazardous area, and land purchased through buyouts is required to be maintained as open space in perpetuity. Our understanding of how these programs impact affected households and communities, however, is limited. Using a mixed methods design, 36 residents of Oakwood Beach, NY, were asked to describe their experiences with a home buyout program that was implemented in their community after Hurricane Sandy in 2012. While survey results showed that residents were generally satisfied with the buyout, a different picture emerged when they were asked to qualitatively describe the process of being bought out. Their experiences centered around three themes: (i) lack of information and communication from buyout officials; (ii) challenges surrounding the process of sale; and (iii) the buyout as a foregone conclusion. In light of these findings, recommendations are made to inform future home buyout programs and relocation policies.KEY WORDS: disaster planning and preparedness, disaster recovery