Significant interobserver and intraobserver bias exists in the interpretation of anal intraepithelial neoplasia. These inconsistencies may explain the uncertainty about the natural progression of anal intraepithelial neoplasia and the varied results of surgery reported for anal intraepithelial neoplasia in the literature.

Mucinous carcinoma was associated with a lower response to pre-operative chemo-radiotherapy in this group of rectal carcinoma patients. Further studies are needed to determine its prognostic value.

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