Background : One of the common causes of respiratory distress in neonate is persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (PPHN) and has been estimated to occur in 2 per 1000 live born term infants. Objective :To evaluate the effect of injectable Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4) in the treatment of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn.Methodology : It was a prospective, nonrandomized, clinical study conducted from August 2015 to July 2017 among 25 neonates having moderate to severe PPHN in the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital. Injectable Magnesium Sulphate was used along with other supportive management. Outcome measures include drop of pulmonary vascular resistance and increase oxygenation. Side effects of Magnesium Sulphate were observed and outcome was recorded. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 17. Results :There was significant improvement of oxygenation and decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance at 72 hours after use of MgSO4 (p=000). Complications were present in 28% cases which include hypotension in 16% patients, urinary retention in 8% and altered GI function in 8% cases. Mortality was 16% among study population. Conclusion :MgSO4 is effective in improving oxygenation and reduction of pulmonary vascular resistance in PPHN.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common pediatric infections. It distresses the child, concerns the parents, and may cause permanent kidney damage. Occurrences of a first-time symptomatic UTI are highest in boys and girls during the first year of life and markedly decrease after that. Febrile infants younger than 2 months constitute an important subset of children who may present with fever without a localizing source. For resistance knowledge of etiology pathogens of UTIs and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in specific geographical location may help clinicians in choosing the appropriate antimicrobial. Our aim was to assess bacteriological profile and antibiotic resistance pattern in pediatric UTI. A cross sectional study was conducted at Dhaka Shishu Hospital during the period from Feb 2016 to Aug 2016. A total of 147 culture positive UTI patient were considered for analysis. Colony counts for these samples were identified, and the profile of antibiotic resistance was identified. Here, samples with a colony count of ≥105 CFU/mL bacteria were considered positive. A total 147 culture positive UTI patients were enrolled. Here, Escherichia coli (E-coli) was found as the most prevalent isolates 103 (70%) followed by Klebsiella spp. 13.6%, Pseudomonas 5.44%, Enterobacter spp 3.40%, Staphylococcus Aureus 3.40%, Proteus 2.72% and Enterococcus 1.36%. Twelve (12) antimicrobial agents were used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The most resistant drugs we found were Colistin (CL) (94.55%), followed by Cefradine (79.59%), Co-trimoxazole (SXT) (69.39%), Nalidixic acid (NA) (66.67%) and Ceftazidime (CTM) (48.98%). None of the drug found was 100% resistance against urinary pathogens. Antimicrobial drug resistance is decreasing among urinary pathogens. We suggest that, empirical antibiotic selection should be based on knowledge of the local prevalence of bacterial organism and their antibiotic resistance in a specific area rather than on universal or even national guidelines.