The present study was designed to determine the association between Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) scale and elevated pressure injure (PI) risk in intensive care units (ICU) and also evaluate the predictive value of APACHE score in PI patients. Comprehensive strategies were used to search studies from PubMed, Web of Science, and Ovid Embase electronic databases for observational studies that provided data about APACHE scores related to PI in ICU. Eligible studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pooled SMD with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. A summary ROC curve was plotted to calculate area under curve (AUC) for APACHE-II (15-20). Twenty-one studies involving 11,102 patients who met selection criteria were included. The 11.0% of patients (1229/11102) in ICU developed PIs. Overall, the PI group had a higher score compared with the non-PI group in the APACHE II (22.1 ± 8.0 vs. 14.5 ± 7.4, mean ± SD). The APACHE-III of PI patients was significantly more than that in the non-PI group (79.9 ± 25.6 vs. 59.9 ± 30.4, mean ± SD). The pooled SMD was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.58-1.06, I 2 = 91.7%, p-value < 0.001). The subgroup analysis revealed that the risk of PIs did not vary with the type of APACHE score (II, III, IV) and the type of study design (case-control, cross-sectional, cohort, longitudinal study). Proportion of males (I 2 = 91.68%, p value = 0.090), publish year (I 2 = 91.96%, p value = 0.187) and mean age of patients (I 2 = 91.96%, p value = 0.937) were not the sources of heterogeneity. APACHE-II (15-20) achieves the best predictive performance in PI, and the prediction accuracy was balanced with equal sensitivity and specificity (Sen: 0.72, 0.62-0.80; Spec: 1.72, 1.25-2.38). In conclusion, higher APACHE scores are frequently accompanied by a higher incidence of PI among critical-care patients. APACHE-II scores (15-20) satisfactorily predicted PI, and strategies to prevent PI should be aggressively implemented.
Graphene-based three-dimensional (3D) magnetic assemblies have attracted great research attention owing to their multiple natures inherited from 3D graphene assemblies and magnetic materials. However, at present, the practical applications of graphene-based magnetic materials are limited by the relative complex synthesis procedure and harsh operation conditions. Hence, a facile and green synthesis strategy is highly desired. Herein, a magnetic graphene aerogel with magnetite nanoparticles in-situ synthesized on the surface of its frameworks was fabricated through a green and facile strategy. The synthesis process was performed in a gentle condition with low energy consumption. The obtained graphene aerogels exhibited superior magnetism with a saturation magnetization of 55.7 emu·g−1. With the merits of well-developed pore structures, high surface area, and robust magnetic property, the obtained composite aerogels exhibited intriguing adsorption and photo-Fenton catalytic degradation performances for the organic dyes in water. Moreover, the utilized graphene aerogels could be recycled from the water due to their effective magnetic separation performance, indicating a promising capability for practical applications in the area of water remediation. We anticipate this synthesis strategy could provide some guidance for the design and development of 3D magnetic assemblies.
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