The partial transmit sequences (PTS) scheme achieves an excellent peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals at the cost of exhaustively searching all possible rotation phase combinations, resulting in high computational complexity. Several researchers have proposed using binary-coded genetic algorithms (BGA) PTS to reduce both the PAPR and computational load. To improve the PAPR statistics of OFDM signals further while still reducing the computational complexity, this paper proposes a new PTS using the real-valued genetic algorithm (RVGA). By defining a cost function based on the amount of PAPR, PTS can be formulated as an optimization problem over a multidimensional real space and solved by implementing the RVGA method. The simulation results show that the performance of the proposed RVGA PTS, along with an extinction and immigration strategy, provides approximately the same PAPR statistic as the exhaustive PTS scheme, while maintaining a low computational load.

Cardiac Electrophysiology study is the origin and treatment of arrhythmia, which is an abnormality in the rate, regularity or sequence of cardiac activation. There has been considerable recent development in this field, where computational methods such as Imaging and Machine Learning for Cardiac Electrophysiology, provide the framework for cardiac re-modeling. In this research, we review various recent strategies currently available for the meeting the goal of structurally and functionally integrated models of cardiac function that combine data intensive cellular systems models with compute-intensive anatomically detailed multiscale simulations.