Introduction: The dominant respiratory feature of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is arterial hypoxaemia, greatly exceeding abnormalities in pulmonary mechanics. Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) analysis helps to find out respiratory, metabolic acidosis and alkalosis. Aim: To evaluate the blood gas levels among critically ill COVID- 19 positive patients admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Materials and Methods: A retrospective, observational study was conducted in East Midnapore district of West Bengal, India from July 2020 to February 2021. Data of ABG analysis {pH, PaO2 (partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood), PaCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood) and bicarbonate (HCO3)} in 314 adult COVID-19 positive cases, were obtained from ICU records. All critically ill COVID-19 patients those who were admitted in ICU with more than 15 years of age were included in this study. Data were analysed and Pearson correlation test was applied for statistical significance. Results: Among the study subjects, 234 (74.5%) were males. Most affected age group was 51-60 years among males and above 60 years among females. Most common ABG finding was high pH indicating alkalosis, found among 183 (58.3%) patients. Acidosis was rare and seen in only 19 (6.0%) patients. A total of 174 (55.4%) patients developed respiratory alkalosis with low PaCO2. Hypoxaemia was found in 144 (45.9%) patients. High HCO3, indicating metabolic alkalosis, was seen in 144 (45.9%) patients. Statistically significant correlation was found between PaCO2 and pH (pearson correlation coefficient (r)=-0.153, p=0.007) and PaCO2 and HCO3 standard (r=0.185, p=0.001). Conclusion: ABG should be done in all COVID-19 patients during admission. A regular interval monitoring of ABG can help in early identification of respiratory damage, silent hypoxia and cytokine storm and with early detection many lives can be saved with early initiation of management.

INTRODUCTIONIntegrated child development services (ICDS) scheme represents one of the world's largest and most unique programmes for early childhood development. ICDS is the foremost symbol of India's commitment to her children-India's response to the challenge of providing pre-school education on one hand and breaking the vicious cycle of malnutrition, morbidity, reduced learning capacity and mortality, on the other. Main services of ICDS are supplementary nutrition of under six years' children, pregnant and nursing mothers and adolescent ABSTRACT Background: Integrated child development services (ICDS) is the foremost symbol of India's commitment to her children. The present study was done to assess the awareness of mothers of under six children residing in the urban field practice area regarding the services rendered by the Anganwadi Centres (AWC), to find out the satisfaction of mothers of under six children regarding quality of care received and to ascertain the availability of infrastructure and logistics of AWCs catering to the urban field practice area. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done at Alamganj, Purba Bardhaman, from October 2015 to December 2015 among mothers of under six children and AWCs located there. Mothers were interviewed, with the use of a predesigned and pretested schedule for assessing awareness and satisfaction of beneficiaries and predesigned, pretested check lists for infrastructure and logistics availability. The study was done after getting ethical approval. Data were analysed by SPSS 20. Results: Out of 3 AWCs 2 were pucca and 1 kutcha-pucca with poor sanitary facility. All the mothers were within 19-30 years age group. Immunization, nutrition and health education services were known to 98.2% mother. Only 57.1% and 48.2% mothers were aware of PSE and health check-up respectively. 73.3% mother preferred cooked food and rest raw food, 78.6% mothers were satisfied with amount of food and 71.4% were satisfied with quality. Bad taste and improper cooking were main reason behind non-acceptability. Conclusions: Findings of the study were better than earlier studies but still there were much scope for improvement in infrastructure, training and supervision.

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the pattern of junk food consumption. Junk food is defined as readily available, frequently affordable, and lacking in nutritional value. Aims and Objectives: This study is aimed to investigate the pattern of junk food eating and its consequences on the nutritional status of the adolescents. Materials and Methods: This is an institution-based cross-sectional study which was conducted at adolescent clinic from September to November 2022. Data were collected from 178 adolescent a pre-designed, pre-tested semistructured face and content validated data collection form was used for face-to-face interview. Data were coded and entered in MS Excel software and analyzed by Statistical Packages for Social Science. As all participants were adolescent, body mass index (BMI) was calculated the World Health Organization (WHO) Z score for 5–19 years age chart (both male and female). BMI was calculated and put WHO BMI for age chart and Z score was calculated. Descriptive statistics were used and Chi-square test was used for association and P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: 82.02% had consumed junk food in last 7 days and 10.96% had taken junk food >3 times in last week. Almost 49.32% of study participants consumed junk food with their family (47.95%) and at home (39.3%). 22.47% adolescents were in overweight category. Female participants, adolescents from nuclear family, and consumption of junk food had significant relationship with nutritional status (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There is an association of overweight and obesity with junk food consumption. More awareness required about the ill effects of junk food on health.

Introduction: Workplace violence (WPV) toward health-care workers is increasing. The present study aims to estimate the proportion of resident doctors and interns of a tertiary care hospital who experienced WPV, to find out the perpetrators of WPV, and to ascertain any association between WPV and work-related stress. Materials and Methods: This observational, institution-based, cross-sectional study included resident doctors and interns working in six different departments of a tertiary care hospital. Data collection was done using a predesigned, pretested semi-structured self-administered questionnaire adapted and validated from the "WPV in the health sector survey questionnaire" from WHO along with "Perceived occupational stress scale." Results: Out of 323 participants, 247 (76.47%) experienced some form of WPV, 138 (42.72%) experienced physical violence and 203 (62.85%) experienced psychological violence. Patient relatives were reported as the only perpetrators of physical violence, while seniors of the study subjects were reported as main perpetrators of psychological violence. One hundred and thirty-four (42%) individuals reported work-related stress. On multivariate analysis, psychological violence was significantly associated with work-related stress. Conclusion: WPV was experienced by a high proportion of study subjects. Psychological violence was more frequently experienced, and senior colleagues were deemed responsible in most cases. WPV may be associated with work-related stress.

Objectives -Rabies, an Endemic disease, is responsible for extensive morbidity and mortality in India. About 96% of the mortality and morbidity is associated with dog bites. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and pattern of animal bites and rabies post exposure prophylaxis under National Rabies Control Programme Methodology – It was a Record cross sectional study where complete enumeration of all animal bite victims were done. Total 2940 such cases were found in that year. Data of 42 cases was excluded due to incomplete records. Data was analysed using MS Excel. Animal Bite Exposure register under National Rabies Control Programme, Patient Treatment cards, Consolidated reports were evaluated as study tools. Results - Majority of the wounds were found in limbs in 2695 (93%) cases. It is followed by wound in other areas like face 104(3.6%) and back 95 (3.3%). In a few cases site of wound was not mentioned in the case record. Children were most commonly affected (28.2%).Cat -bite is most common (49.3%). Around 84.9% were Category II bite and rest are category III. Conclusion - Dogs and cats are mostly responsible of animal bites in this part of the country. There is need to control stray dogs .Children are found to be most vulnerable for animal bites. There is gap between eligible candidates for vaccine and those who actually received it both in Category II and III animal bite victims.