Background Stunting reflects chronic undernutrition during the most critical periods of growth and development in early life. The study was aimed at assessing the magnitude of stunting and associated factors among children aged 6–59 month in central Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 children aged between 6 and 59 months. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study participants. Interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were entered using EPI INFO version 3.5.1, and analysis was done by SPSS version 21 and ENA, 2007 software for anthropometric calculation. World Health Organization standard 2006 was used to analyse anthropometric data. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were also carried out to identify predictors of stunting. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05 and 95% CI. Results Overall magnitude of stunting was 52.4 (95% CI: 47.6–57.2). Being female (AOR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.503–5.099), belonging to age group of 25–59 months (AOR: 4, 95% CI: 1.881–8.424) and birth weight of <2.5 kg (AOR: 5, 95% CI: 1.450–17.309), mothers' lack of ANC visits (AOR: 3.2 95% CI: 1.40–7.10), and mistimed complementary feeding initiation (AOR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.266–4.606) were positively associated with child stunting, whereas educational status of the mother (AOR: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.001–0.063) showed negative association. Conclusion Stunting was a highly prevalent problem in the study area. Low weight at birth, female sex, older age, mistimed initiation of complimentary feeding, and mothers' lack of ANC visit were found to have significant relation with children's chronic malnutrition. Thus, interventions shall effectively address those factors to alleviate the problem.

Background Globally, perinatal asphyxia (PNA) is a significant cause of most neonatal deaths. Similarly, the burden of birth asphyxia in Ethiopia remains high (22.52%) and has been noted the second leading cause of neonatal mortality. Thus, researches on survival status and predictors of perinatal asphyxia are critical to tackle it. Therefore, the current study intended to determine the survival status and predictors of asphyxia among neonates admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Units of public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods Hospital-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted in four selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa from January 2016 to December 2020. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Epi-data 4.6 and STATA Version 16 was used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Kaplan–Meier survival curve, log-rank test and Median time were computed. To find the predictors of time to recovery, a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was fitted, and variables with a P-value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Finally, the Schoenfeld residual test was used to check overall model fitness. Result Four hundred eleven admitted asphyxiated babies were followed a total of 3062 neonate-days with a minimum of 1 h to a maximum of 28 days. The Overall incidence density rate of survival was 10 (95% CI: 0.08–0.11) per 100 neonate-days of observation with a median recovery time of 8 days (95% CI: 7.527–8.473). Low birth weight (Adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47–0.96), stage II hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) (AHR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51–0.97), stage III HIE (AHR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.27–0.71), seizure (AHR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.38—0.97), thrombocytopenia (AHR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.24–0.80) and calcium gluconate (AHR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58–0.99) were found to be independent predictors of time to recovery of asphyxiated neonates. Conclusion In the current findings, the recovery time was prolonged compared to others finding. This implies early prevention, strict monitoring and taking appropriate measures timely is mandatory before babies transferred into highest stage of HIE and managing complications are recommended to hasten recovery time and increase survival of neonates.

Background Adverse pregnancy outcomes are the main causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality and long-term physical and psychological sequels in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Africa and Asia. In Ethiopia, maternal mortality remained high despite the country’s maximum effort. This study aimed to assess adverse pregnancy outcomes and associated factors among deliveries at Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was done among deliveries at Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018. The data was collected using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire by reviewing labor and delivery service log books and admission or discharge registration books. The data were entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Logistic regression analysis was computed to identify independent predictors of pregnancy complications. Result In this study, the magnitude of adverse pregnancy outcomes was 28.3%, 95% CI (25.7–30.9). The most frequently recorded obstetric complications were obstructed labor (7.4%), retained placenta (5.3%), and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (2.4%). Whereas stillbirths (10%), malpresentation (3%), and prematurity (2.3%) frequently occurred fetal/neonatal complications. There were 29 maternal deaths and the possible causes of death were obstructed labor (51.7%), hemorrhage (44.7%), eclampsia (24.1%), and sepsis (6.9%). Home delivery (AOR (CI = 4.12 (2.30–7.15) and low birth weight (AOR (CI = 1.63 (1.36–1.96) were significant associates of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion The magnitude of adverse pregnancy outcomes was high. Obstructed labor, retained placenta, hypertension in pregnancy, malpresentation, prematurity, and stillbirth are the commonest adverse pregnancy outcomes. Place of delivery and birth weight were independent predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Institutional delivery, early detection and management of complications, and adequate nutrition and weight gain during pregnancy should be encouraged to minimize the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Background: Erectile dysfunction is currently one of the most common sexual dysfunctions worldwide affecting the quality of life of men of all ages, but it is usually underestimated because it is not a life threatening condition. Purpose: This study aims to determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction and the possible correlates among diabetic men in Dessie Referral Hospital, North Central Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among diabetic men aged greater than 18 years, at Dessie Referral Hospital. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. A pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were entered in Epi Info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Logistic regression was applied to identify association between explanatory variables and the outcome variable. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and p-value less than 0.05 was computed to determine the level of significance. Results: Overall, the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in this study was 58.5% at 95% CI (0.548-0.622), and specifically 10.5%, 40.9%, 6.8% respondents had mild, moderate and severe erectile dysfunction, respectively. Age, duration of diabetes diagnosis, types of medication, types of complication and body mass index were significant unadjusted factors associated with erectile dysfunction, but following adjustment only age [AOR=5.5 (95% CI 2.06-14.744), duration of diabetes [AOR=20,(95% CI 5.663-75.0096) and types of medication [AOR=2.106 (95% CI 1.112-3.988) have independently statistically significant association with erectile dysfunction. Conclusion: This study showed that ED is high. Age, duration of diabetes mellitus and type of medication are independently associated with erectile dysfunction. Health policymakers need to consider including the training of health personnel to consider the relevant risk factors during the physical, social and psychological assessment of patients, and clinicians should pay attention to the sexual history of their client.

Background: More than 90% of congenital anomalies occur in low and middle-income countries because of different risk factors. This study aimed to assess pregnant mothers' knowledge level and its determinant factors towards preventable risk factors of congenital anomalies among mothers attended health institutions for antenatal care in Dessie town, Ethiopia. Methods: Health institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 404 pregnant mothers in Dessie town, Ethiopia from 12 January 2020 to 12 March 2020. A systematic random sampling method was used to get selected mothers. Epidata version 3.1 and, and SPSS version 20 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Results: A total of 404 pregnant mothers were included with a 100% response rate. The overall good knowledge of pregnant mothers towards preventable risk factors of congenital anomalies was 211(52%).Four or more antenatal care visits [adjusted OR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.696-5.072,P-value <0.001], urban residence [ adjusted OR = 5.97, 95% CI: 2.95-12.078,P-value <0.001], monthly family income of more than 4500 ETB [adjusted OR = 5.52, 95% CI: 1.616-18.861,P-value <0.006] and secondary school and above [adjusted OR = 4.29, 95%CI: 2.464-7.467, P-value < 0.001] were significant associated factors with pregnant mothers knowledge. Conclusion: More than half of pregnant mothers had good knowledge of preventable risk factors of congenital malformation. Governmental and non-governmental health institutions should create a conducive environment for health care providers to create awareness regarding preventable risk factors of congenital malformation for all couples, pregnant mothers, and the community as a whole.