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On the way to a chemoenzymatic synthesis of a key intermediate for sesquiterpenoids and diterpenoids, 2-methyl-2-(4-methyl-3-oxopentyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione was reduced with the whole cells of yeast biocatalysts. Torulaspora delbrueckii NBRC10921 reduced a cyclic ketone of three carbonyl groups in an enantiofacially selective manner (reface attack), but there was poor enantiotopic group selectivity between two carbonyl groups on the cyclohexane ring to yield a mixture of diastereomeric products. Candida floricola IAM13115 reduced mainly the pro-(R) carbonyl group. In contrast, the reduction proceeded in an enantiofacially poorly selective manner to give another set of diastereomeric products. In both cases, another carbonyl group on the side chain worked as a trapping arm of the resulting secondary alcohol. The diastereomeric products were effectively separated as the syn or cis isomer exclusively exist in the intramolecular hemiacetal structure, while anti or trans isomer being an equilibrated mixture of cyclic hemiacetal and open-chain hydroxyketone (ca. 0.7 : 1). Starting separately from the enantiomerically enriched products as above, both enantiomers of the target compound, a key intermediate for terpenoids, were efficiently prepared via stereoselective ring closure under pinacol coupling reaction conditions. Furthermore, a daucane sesquiterpene intermediate, a hydroazulene derivative, was provided after one-carbon homologation of the six-membered ring.

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Among the carbagalactopyranosylamines synthesized, derivatives (VIIa-c) are found to be very strong β-galactosidase as well as β-glucosidase inhibitors. -(OGAWA*, S.; FUJIEDA, S.; SAKATA, Y.; ISHIZAKI, M.; HISAMATSU, S.; OKAZAKI, K.; Bioorg. Med.