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When kaolin mineral is heat-treated at a relatively low temperature region, its density has the minimum value between 500 and 800°C and the maximum at about 1000°C. The value of dynamic properties of kaolin mineral increases slightly until about 800°C but increases rapidly beyond 1000°C to reach the maximum value. Then, the value is inclined to decrease rapidly beyond the temperatures, at which the maximum value is yielded. Similarly, the filling ratio also has the minimum value at about 800°C and increases rapidly beyond 1000°C to reach the maximum value. This indicates that when kaolin mineral is heat-treated at a relatively low temperature region, its dynamic properties have a close relation with its filling ratio. It is considered that these phenomena are due not only to the sintering of clay mineral by heat-treatment but also to the structural changes as shown in X-ray diffraction data. The changes of dynamic and physical properties and of the structures of kaolin mineral heated in a closed vessel take place later than those heated in the open air. It may be due to the fact that the oxidation of the organic matters contained in kaolin mineral is oppressed in a closed vessel.

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Background: We investigated how the type of rehabilitation affects brain function and antioxidant potential. Methods: Twenty-eight patients hospitalized for fall-related fractures were assigned to either a physical therapy group or an occupational therapy group. Cognition was assessed using the Touch Panel-type Dementia Assessment Scale (TDAS) and oxidative stress with serum pentosidine levels. Spectral analysis and coherence analysis were also performed. Results: Changes in TDAS scores and serum pentosidine levels did not differ significantly between the 2 therapies. Power spectral analysis revealed a significant intergroup difference in δ waves. Coherence analysis showed significant intergroup differences in the activities of δ waves and β waves. Conclusions: Cognitive function and antioxidant potential did not differ between the 2 types of rehabilitation. However, the impact on cerebral neuronal activity may have differed.