The purpose of this paper is to study the physics of aerodynamic noise generation from the symmetrical airfoil ofNACA 0018 in a uniform flow. The relationship between the noise spectrum and the unsteady flow field around the airfoil is studied in an acoustic wind tunnel using flow visualization and PlV analysis. The discrete frequency noise was generated from the airfoil inclined at small angle of attack to the free stream. The flow visualization result indicates the presence of attached boundary layer over the suction side and the separated shear layer over the rear pressure side of the airfoil, when the discrete frequency noise is observed. It is found from the PlV analysis that a large magnitude of vorticity is generated periodically from the pressure side of the trailing edge and it develops into an asymmetrical vortex street in the wake of the airfoil. The periodicity of the shedding vortices was found to agree with that ofthe frequency ofthe generated noise.

The performance of PIV system for combusting flow was evaluated by using artificial images generated from computer graphics and experimental data. The influences of shutter speed, filter, laser power and the PIV algorithms on the measurement uncertainty were studied for optimizing the performance of the PIV system. This system was applied to the spray combustor model for boiler, and the flow patterns with and without combustion were elucidated. Results showed that the burner flow generates complex three-dimensional flow pattern, which contributes to highly mixed fuel flow in the combustor. Although the flow pattern with and without combustion is similar, the growth of burner flow area and an increase in velocity magnitude are found in the flow field by the influence of chemical reactions in combustion.

The present paper describes an experimental technique of droplet sizing and velocity measurement for application to a luminous flame in spray combustion. The size measurement of unburnt fuel droplets in combustion is carried out by using an interferometric imaging method, while the corresponding velocity field is measured by particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) in combination with the rotary shutter to avoid the high intensity noise of the luminous flame in spray combustion. The measurements are successfully applied to the spray flow from a gun-type burner with and without combustion. The experimental results in spray combustion indicate that the smaller size of fuel droplets are almost burnt in the centre of the flame and the unburnt droplets of larger size remain in the outer region of the burner flow. It was found that the mean droplet velocity measured by the present PTV technique in combustion is almost independent of the droplet size and agrees closely with the gas velocity. However, the velocity magnitude with combustion is increased in comparison with the case without combustion, which suggests the influence of gas expansion at high temperatures.

Abs ract : This paper reports a velocity measurement technique using PIV for application to a luminous flame in a spray combustor. The present system consists of a standard PIV system, a rotary shutter and a band-pass filter, the combination of which removes the influence of the high intensity of the luminous flame. The effectiveness of the rotary shutter is studied by changing the shutter speed from 2 ms to 37 ms. The simultaneous observation of the velocity field and the flame structure was carried out in the combustor model for a boiler. The measured velocity field indicates that the exit velocity from the burner is increased by chemical reactions, but the flow pattern inside the combustor is kept similar to that without combustion. t

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