In this study, electrospinning technology, physical activation, and carbonization processing were applied to produce lignosulfonate-based activated carbon fibers. The porous structure of the produced lignosulfonate-based activated carbon fibers primarily contained mesopores and a relatively small amount of micropores. Moreover, insufficient carbonization caused fiber damage during CO2 activation. The weight loss rate and specific surface area increased with increase in carbonization time, and products with carbonization temperatures of 700 °C were of higher quality than those with other temperatures. Moreover, the two-step carbonization process provided fibers with improved quality because of a low weight loss rate, improved processing, and high surface area. Lignosulfonate-based activated carbon fibers can be used as a highly efficient adsorption and filtration material, and further development of its applications would be valuable.

Porous χ‐Al2O3 is a new material for fabricating coated inkjet printing paper. Paper coated with χ‐Al2O3 powders has excellent water fastness. This study investigated the dye‐fixing ability of χ‐Al2O3 powders through measurements of adsorption isotherms. The variations in zeta potential, pore volume, pore size distribution, and specific surface area of χ‐Al2O3 powders during the dye‐fixing process were also examined. The results show that χ‐Al2O3 powders have a strong affinity to dye colorants. The adsorption isotherm is classified as HA‐type and the adsorption data fit the Langmuir model. In addition to the positive‐charged surface of χ‐Al2O3 provides cationic sites for fixing dye colorants via electrostatic interaction, the porous structure on the surface of χ‐Al2O3 particles plays an indispensable role in trapping the colorant.

Various ad hoc routing algorithms were proposed to increase the performance in ad hoc network. In order to estimate the performance of routing algorithms, they always simulate in ad hoc network environment, and a mobility model is also used for network simulation. There are two types of mobility models: trace and synthetic models. Trace models are more accurate than synthetic ones, and their simulation results are more accurate, too. However, new routing network environments are not easily modeled if traces have not yet been created. That is why most of the simulations are based on synthetic models.In this paper, a tool is implemented for generating a special trace model, called ant mobility model. It mimics the ants' movements of an ant colony. The movement is similar to the workers in a store. We focus on the integration between the ant mobility model and the network environment. When users setup the parameters for generating an ant mobility model, the generated model can be used directly in the network environment. In order to illustrate the feasibility of ant mobility model, it is compared with the random waypoint mobility model based on the same routing algorithm, AODV, by using NS-2 simulator. Three major performance metrics, throughput, network latency, and control overhead message, are estimated. As we expected, these three metrics of the ant mobility model are better than that of the random waypoint mobility model. We suggest that a trace model, like ant mobility model, should be integrated quickly with the network environment in the same way.