The current state of tourism development in a water conservation area of Taiwan was investigated from the perspective of different stakeholders. An analytical framework was constructed using grounded theory, whereas data collection was performed through field observations, questionnaire surveys, and semi-structured interviews. The 1290 questionnaire responses were analyzed via statistical methods and multi-perspective analysis. Stakeholder responses varied owing to differences in their interests, needs, and perception of the overall state of development. In the absence of clear policies and plans for each village around the water conservation area, the opinions of the stakeholders will diverge regarding labor and technical expertise, product features, village cohesion, the release of flora and fauna into the wild, tourism image, ecological damage, village transportation, and service quality.

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There is an increasing trend towards the closure of white water recirculation loops in papermaking, often leading to need for system modification. A pilot-scale study was conducted using pulsed electrocoagulation technology to treat the wastewater of an old corrugated containerboard (OCC)-based paper mill, to evaluate its treatment performance. The operating variables were: a current density of 0 to 240 A/m2, a hydraulic retention time of 8 to 16 min and a coagulant (anionic polyacrylamide) dosage of 0 to 30 mg/L. The water quality indicators investigated were electrical conductivity, suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results obtained during the pilot-scale studies were favourable. Under the operating conditions without coagulant addition, the highest removals for conductivity, SS and COD were 47.7%, 99.3% and 75%, respectively. The use of coagulant remarkably enhanced the removal of both conductivity and COD. Using a coagulant dosage of 30 mg/L, the highest removal rates achieved for the three water quality indicators were 54.5%, 99.6% and 92.7%, respectively. These water quality levels are adequate to allow for the reuse of at least a part of the treated wastewater as makeup process water in papermaking.