Does (Ser)2 have a neutral structure? How does the zwitterion evolve with an increasing cluster size of serine (Ser)? Infrared spectroscopic and mass‐spectrometric analysis of [H(Ser)n]+ (n=2–8) shows progressive stabilization of the zwitterion with increasing cluster size, and the results of ab initio calculations based on density functional theory of [H(Ser)2]+ are also given (picture: a neutral structure; red O, blue N, gray C, white H).

Synchrotron radiation is used to excite Ar to the intermediate states 3p 1/2 5 ͑3dЈ͓3 / 2͔ 1 , 5dЈ͓3 / 2͔ 1 , 5sЈ͓1 / 2͔ 1 , 7sЈ͓1 / 2͔ 1 ͒ and 3p 3/2 5 ͑6d͓1 / 2͔ 1 , 6d͓3 / 2͔ 1 , 8s͓3 / 2͔ 1 ͒, then excited by lasers to the autoionizing Rydberg series 3p 1/2 5 npЈ ͓͑1 / 2͔ 0,1 , ͓3 / 2͔ 1,2 ͒ and nfЈ͓5 / 2͔ 2. For the intermediate states of 5sЈ, 7sЈ, and 8s, the npЈ ͓͑1 / 2͔ 0 and ͓3 / 2͔ 2 ͒ series are observed with high intensity but not the npЈ ͓͑1 / 2͔ 1 and ͓3 / 2͔ 1 ͒ series when the polarization vectors of two light beams are in parallel; but when they are in orthogonal, the npЈ͓1 / 2͔ 0 series disappears, the npЈ͓3 / 2͔ 2 intensity remains, and the npЈ ͓͑1 / 2͔ 1 and ͓3 / 2͔ 1 ͒ series show up strongly. The intensity distribution of the npЈ series strongly depends on the intermediate state. The spectra of the npЈ series are assigned according to their intensity variation with the polarization vectors. The quantum defects determined for the series npЈ͓1 / 2͔ 0 ͑n =11-57͒, npЈ͓3 / 2͔ 2 ͑n =11-65͒, npЈ͓3 / 2͔ 1 ͑n =11-31͒, and nfЈ͓5 / 2͔ 2 ͑n =9-74͒ are 1.611Ϯ 0.011, 1.683Ϯ 0.013, 1.688Ϯ 0.010, and 0.016Ϯ 0.005, respectively. Our values are in excellent agreement with theoretical prediction. The spectral line shapes of autoionizing Rydberg states are analyzed with a Beutler-Fano profile. Reduced autoionization linewidths for the npЈ͓1 / 2͔ 0 ͑n =11-16͒ series vary in the range 2549-4145 cm −1 , and the nfЈ͓5 / 2͔ 2 ͑n =9-11͒ series in 186-247 cm −1 in reasonable agreement with theoretical prediction.

A compact, pulsed, red, green, and blue laser source based on cascaded quasi-phase-matched wavelength conversion in two periodic superlattices set in tandem in a single stoichiometric LiTaO3 crystal and pumped by a laser source at 532nm is reported. The white light equivalent flux obtained was 80lmper1W input with a green to white light power conversion efficiency of >30%. Unity power conversion is feasible in this monolithic approach.

Glass-clad Cr4+:YAG crystal fiber is demonstrated by a codrawing laser-heated pedestal growth method. As much as 2.45 mW of superwideband amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is generated in the optical fiber communication band with a 3-dB width of 240 nm. The simulation indicates that the ASE power could be in excess of 20 dBm for a 5-microm-diameter core at a pump power of 2.5 W.