High‐performance flexible optoelectronic devices have great potential as active elements for flexible and wearable electronics. The authors report highly flexible conducting poly (3, 4‐ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PEDOT:PSS/MWCNT) composite thin films synthesized by simple, cost effective rod‐coating technique. The effect of MWCNT on PEDOT:PSS matrix is analyzed by spin coating PEDOT:PSS/MWCNT composite on glass substrates with varying concentration (0–2 wt%) of MWCNT. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM) images confirm the uniform dispersion of MWCNT and formation of conducting path above 0.3 wt% of MWCNT. The conductivity of the spin coated films is increased from 1 Scm−1 to ≈20 Scm−1 on addition of 2 wt% of MWCNT. From UV‐Vis NIR spectra, the transparency of composite films in the visible range (at 550 nm) is found to decrease with respect to MWCNT loading. The PEDOT:PSS/MWCNT flexible electrode exhibit high electrical conductivity of 74 Scm−1 and high stability upon bending to a radius of curvature ≈9.6 mm. The features observed are an outcome of the interaction of MWCNT with PEDOT polymer as the back bone. These films are adhered to the substrate and the properties are stable upon bending the film for large number of cycles. To demonstrate the potential use of this composite film as an electrode, a thin film transistor is fabricated with PEDOT:PSS/MWCNT film as source and drain electrode. The device shows high field effect mobility of µsat = 1.16 cm2 V−1 s−1 with on/off ratio about 2.3 × 103. These favorable results make PEDOT:PSS/MWCNT conducting electrode as an excellent candidate for the next generation flexible electrodes realized by a facile solution process.
Emeraldine salt form of polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerisation method using ammonium persulfate as oxidant. Resultant emeraldine salt form of PANI was dedoped using ammonia solution and then re-doped with camphor sulphonic acid (CSA), naphthaline sulphonic acid (NSA), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and m-cresol. Thin films of these doped PANI samples were deposited on glass substrates using solution casting method with m-cresol as solvent. A level surface was employed to get homogeneous thin films of uniform thickness. Detailed X-ray diffraction studies have shown that the films are exceptionally crystalline. The crystalline peaks observed in the XRD spectra can be indexed to simple monoclinic structure. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy studies provide convincing explanation for the exceptional crystallinity observed in these polymer films. FESEM and AFM images give better details of surface morphology of doped PANI films. The DC electrical conductivity of the samples was measured using four point probe technique. It is seen that the samples also exhibit quite high DC electrical conductivity, about 287 S/cm for CSA doped PANI, 67 S/cm for NSA doped PANI 65 S/cm for HCl doped PANI, and just below 1 S/cm for m-cresol doped PANI. Effect of using the level surface for solution casting is studied and correlated with the observed crystallinity.
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