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Using 5-minute high frequency data from the Chinese stock market, we employ a non-parametric method to estimate Fama-French portfolio realized jumps and investigate whether the estimated positive, negative and sign realized jumps could forecast or explain the cross-sectional stock returns. The Fama-MacBeth regression results show that not only have the realized jump components and the continuous volatility been compensated with risk premium, but also that the negative jump risk, the positive jump risk and the sign jump risk, to some extent, could explain the return of the stock portfolios. Therefore, we should pay high attention to the downside tail risk and the upside tail risk.

The "biological code" of a language can be measured by tone patterns and pitch heights, which are recognized to foster and promote certain personal traits like self-confidence and risk tolerance. Guided by linguistic and financial research, this study examines the impact of Chinese dialects on CEOs' merger decisions. We hypothesize that CEOs in China who speak different dialects may have different tendencies to engage in risky activities, like mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Results suggest that CEOs who speak dialects with fewer rising tones and higher pitch are more likely to undertake M&As, while CEOs who speak dialects with more rising tones and lower pitch are less likely to undertake M&As. The results are robust to various specifications, including the impact of local economic and regional cultural factors.Additionally, firms' performances after M&As are evaluated. The results suggest that CEOs' overconfidence and high-risk tolerance are likely to cause M&As to be less successful in the long run.

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