The COVID-19 epidemic, food and water insecurity, and the climate emergency have impacted the lives of billions of people worldwide. Ecosystems play a crucial role in tackling these problems. Hence, it is a prime necessity to keep the ecosystems safe and sustainably manage the resources. But this would not suffice for the protection and sustainable management of our surviving natural landscapes and oceans; we also need to restore the planet's devastated ecosystems and the enormous benefits they give. Mining exerts a lot of pressure on the land resources further depleting the fertility of the soil. The overburdened dumps are devoid of the nutrients which turns natural succession at a slow pace. The restoration of the degraded mined areas is essential to re-establish the ecological balance so that a self-sustaining ecosystem can be maintained. The plantation of selected species of plants could be a sustainable and organic tool for the restoration of the degraded mined land. In today's context, various ways regarding ecological restoration are suggested, but the native plant species plantation is the best tool for restoring the degraded land at a quicker pace. The present paper reviews the importance of the native plant species and their efficacy in restoring degraded mined land based on area and time of succession and climax.

The present paper gives an insight of the importance of the environment in the oldest religion of the world either, Hinduism and discovers the environmental ethics which were prevailing in the olden society and how far we human are still practicing those ethics of ancient time. Human existence and environment have been co-existed since the evolution of human on earth. Environment had provided clean air, clean water and an environment free of toxins to the human kind. All the religion in the world had given due respect to the environment since time immemorial. Environment owes the important position in all the major religion of the world namely Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Christianity. Hinduism can better be termed as a way of life. Hinduism is considered one of the oldest and the scientific religion of the world. In Hinduism, environment and nature are considered as the gift of God. Hindu religion believed that survival of human kind is totally dependent on healthy environment. All the forces of nature either air, water, sun, earth and fire are termed as god, and hence they are eligible to be worshipped in Hinduism. The time when the conservation and protection of the environment was not even thought of, at that time the Vedas and Puranas which are the sacred books of Hindu religion, had directed human being to worship nature and its components. Practices in Hinduism as confirmed by the study of Vedas were environmentally friendly and if those practices are followed today it can give answers to the various environmental problems.

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Black carbon is a potent climate-warming component of particulate matter formed by the incomplete combustion of fossil-fuels, wood and other fuels. Complete combustion would turn all the carbon in the fuel into carbon dioxide, but combustion is never complete, and CO2, CO, volatile organic compounds, organic compounds, and black carbon particles are formed in the process. It contributes to warming by converting incoming solar radiation to heat. When deposited on ice and snow, BC and co-emitted particles reduce surface albedo thereby melting the glaciers. The complex mixture of particulate matter resulting from incomplete combustion is referred as soot. When suspended in the atmosphere, black carbon contributes to warming by converting incoming solar radiations to heat. It also influences cloud formation and impacts regional circulation and rainfall pattern. The Artic and the glaciated regions such as Himalayas are particularly vulnerable to melting as a result. The present paper aims to review the work done on black carbon and its mitigation measure.