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Background: Accurate etiological diagnosis of seizures in children is important to begin an effective treatment. MRI is an excellent neuroimaging tool that is highly accurate. It helps in diagnosis, determining the treatment protocol and predicting the outcome. Dedicated studies in paediatric population using MRI brain have been even fewer till date in India. Current study aims to find the common etiology of pediatric seizures on MRI in a developing country like India.Methods: Hospital based retrospective study. 105 cases in age group between 0 months to 12 years. Seen between 2014 till date included in the study. All cases underwent MRI.Results: Most common imaging findings were inflammatory granuloma in 10 (9.5%). Other findings were- Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in 5 (4.7%), cerebral atrophy in 2 (1.9%), focal dysmyelination in 3 (2.8%), calcifying granuloma in 3 (2.8%) and periventricular leucomalacia in 2 (1.9%). Uncommon findings were that of lissencephaly, dysgenesis of corpus callosum, mesial temporal sclerosis, AV malformation, periventricular hemorrhage, schizencephaly, abscess and infarction in one child each (0.9% each). 69 children had no abnormal findings in brain.Conclusions: The commonest etiology of seizures is inflammatory granuloma. Early recognition of potentially treatable diseases helps in timely treatment and arrest of progression of disease. It is highly recommended to use MRI as primary investigation for seizures. Every effort should be made to provide facility of MRI for management of seizures in all parts of India.

Background: Middle ear cholesteatoma is a potentially dangerous condition owing to the varied extra-cranial as well as intra-cranial complications, it can be associated with. Clinical suspicion and otologic examination sufficiently identifies the pathology but its entire extent and spread is delineated by HRCT examination only, which is presently the "Gold Standard". In this study we tried to evaluate the efficacy of HRCT temporal bone in depiction of extent of pathology in cases of cholesteatoma of middle ear and we tried to verify the findings of HRCT imaging with intra-op findings.Methods: A prospective observational study comprising of 50 patients suspected of middle ear cholesteatoma was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow, India. Pre-op evaluation with bilateral temporal bone HRCT imaging followed by suitable surgery was performed. Important pre-operative HRCT and intra-operative surgical findings were correlated for statistical significance. Results: Mesotympanum involvement (96%) was the most common HRCT finding as far as location and extent were concerned and incus erosion (70%) was the most common bony complication. A high sensitivity and specificity (82% -100%) of HRCT was found in detection of Erosion of scutum, tegmen tympani and incus. For findings such as stapes erosion and facial canal erosion on HRCT, a sensitivity of 68.4% and 50% respectively was found when compared to intra-op findings. Conclusions: HRCT temporal bone is a useful tool in pre-operative delineation of the extent of cholesteatoma and the recognition of its manifestations and complications. It can help the operating surgeon in appropriate surgical planning.

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