Negligence' is derived from the Latin word 'Neglego' or 'Neglect.' Professional negligence arising from medical/ dental negligence is an absence of a reasonable degree of care and skill or negligence of a dental practitioner in the treatment of a patient, which causes injury or death.3 In dental clinics there may be negligence in making a wrong diagnosis, failure to obtain informed consent, failure to order X-ray in cases where the history suggest impacted tooth, a broken file in tooth, performing more task than the patient consent for unprofessional procedure, mercury poisoning while doing dental filling is also considered as negligence.2 Related articles were searched in PUBMED and Google scholar database and a total of 12 articles were reviewed from 2002 to 2018. Human values and ethical principle guide our profession and prevent the practitioner from any act of dental negligence.

GIS (Geographic Information System) are computer-based tools used to visualize, analyze, accumulate and explicate geographic data. The determinants of health status are often correlated and analogous. Establishing GIS-based approaches and programmes can predict and analyze the complexity of web of causation of many health issues. GIS can be used to efficaciously investigate health along with its physical, social and cultural environments. Mapping functions of GIS can be used to plot health attributes for better visualization, exploration, and modeling of health patterns. GIS based healthcare helps in explaining and describing health outcomes, health disparities, healthcare access and how health care delivery can be improved. GIS can also be used to bring all spatial data under one umbrella of “Geo Data Bank” that could provide easy accessibility and help in better utility of healthcare services. In India, the adoption and use of digital spatial methods like GIS in the field of healthcare has lagged. However, the “Computer Aided Utility Mapping Project for six cities” in India is a significant benefit for the GIS users in the country which can be used by healthcare sector in the near future for the upliftment of healthcare facility. The primary focus of the paper is to provide details about benefits of using GIS-based analytical approaches in healthcare planning, the successes, challenges, remedies and future perspective of GIS in healthcare delivery. Keywords: GIS, healthcare planning, location allocation modeling, public health, spatial analysis, spatial epidemiology.

Background: Childhood caries may result into severe impairment of both general and oral health. One factor which plays an important role in the development of childhood dental caries is the family. Especially for children under the age of 10, parents can be considered the most important factor in caries prevention. Parents play a fundamental role in the initiation and reinforcement of these oral health-related behaviours. This study aims to evaluate the parental willingness to invest (WTI) in the oral health of their child in terms of money and time and to relate this to oral health behaviour (OHB) aspects. Methods: A sample of 167, six to seven year old children studying in 1st and 2nd standard were recruited from SVET English School, Attibele, Bangalore. Screening was done to examine the DMFT scores of the Children. A structured parental questionnaires was used to collect data on parents WTI and children OHB. Results: Results showed that 60% parents supervised their child tooth brushing, 44.2% parents were willing to spend a maximum of 50 to 100 rupee per month to keep their childs mouth healthy, 47.9% were willing to spend 1 to 2 brushing minutes per day, 35.8% were not willing to visit dentist even once a year to maintain good oral health for their child. Conclusion:Results suggest that children are better off when parents are willing to invest in terms of brushing minutes, money and visit to a dentist per year to maintain good oral health of their children.

Background: Toothbrush and toothpaste remain the mainstay of oral hygiene measure. The study was conducted to assess the factors influencing choice of oral hygiene products used among the patients attending dental outpatient department of the Oxford Dental College of the Bengaluru city. Methods: The study was conducted among 100 patients by distributing a validated questionnaire in English and Kannada. The statistical analysis was performed using Chi square test and the p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Results showed that 52% of patients selected their toothbrushes depending on the brands and 14.0% based on Dentist recommendation. 53.0% patients reported the brand as the main factor while selecting toothpastes, while 25.0% patients did it based on Dentist recommendation. Conclusion:The present study showed that the participants selected their toothbrush and toothpaste mainly based on the brands. Dentist recommendation was the next influencing factor while selecting their oral hygiene aids.

PROPOLIS, a wax-cum-resin substance, also known also as bee glue, a complex mixture made up of plant-derived and bee released compounds. Its multiple biomedical applications to treat a large array of systemic diseases have gained popularity. The purpose of this review is to present the possible use of propolis in treatment of various diseases of oral cavity based on their properties and explore the status and scope of propolis for its contemporary and potential future bio-dental applications.