The present study was conducted at the Tikrit Teaching Hospital in Tikrit city of Iraq, during July 2018 -January 2019. Study based on 100 patients with kidneystones and 50 healthy, of both sexes, whose ages ranged from 20 to 60 years,and the most common type of stones are calcium oxalate. Physiological, biochemical and genetic parametersare considered indicators of the kidneystones status of patients, and the effect of the AGTX gene mutations in their composition.Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Urea and Creatinine were measured.Type 1 primary hyperoxaluria in the AGXT gene was studied, in addition to determining the nucleotide sequences of 14 patient samples. The results showed a significant difference in mutationbetween the patients and control, and most mutations were detected in exons 1and 2 different mutations, transitions and transversion.A significant increase in the concentration of Calcium, Total Magnesium, Urea and Creatinine in mg/dl (17.9971, 7.4817, 10.082, and 3.2464) respectivelyand Sodium 174.8455mmol/l. It also showed a significant decrease in the concentration of Potassium 4.7884mmol/l and Total Phosphorus 3.2675 mg/dl.