Climate change is the main cause of frequent extreme weather and natural disasters. Therefore, effective climate adaptation strategies for urban rail transit (URT) should be adopted to cope with extreme precipitation events (EPEs). This study proposes a decision-making model based on climate change for drainage renovation, which consists of an optimal renovation sequence model and an optimal investment timing model. This study analyzes the inundation risk of each station and its node importance in the URT network and then uses a multi-attribute decision analysis (MADA) to determine the optimal renovation sequence. This study also uses a real options pricing approach to calculate the value of an option in order to defer the renovation project and determine the optimal investment timing. Then, the Beijing Urban Rail Transit (BURT) is taken as an example to conduct an empirical analysis of the proposed model. Considering the uncertainty of climate change and the complexity of the URT network, the model can obtain the optimal renovation sequence and the investment timing of each station, which is expected to provide a decision-making tool for urban governments to formulate an optimal plan that strengthens the prevention of flooding disasters.

The precise control of electronic configurations of catalytic sites via molecular engineering is significantly desirable for boosting electrocatalytic activity. We reported a new‐type composite electrocatalyst with cobalt phthalocyanine supported on N‐doped MXene nanosheets (N‐MXene/CoPc) through a self‐assembly process. Beneficial from the joint action of N sites participation and axial coordination, N‐MXene/CoPc exhibits a high ORR activity with positive onset potential (Eonset=0.98 V vs. RHE) and half‐wave potential (E1/2=0.863 V), which is superior over the pristine CoPc (E1/2=0.72 V) and the composite with undoped MXene as support (MXene/CoPc, E1/2=0.771 V). Additionally, N‐MXene/CoPc exhibits an excellent durability with only 8.5 % attenuation after 25000 s of continuous i‐t test, while a more obvious decay 18.6 % for 20 wt.% Pt/C. This work not merely reported a robust ORR catalyst, but more provides a reasonable design strategy for nonnoble‐metal catalysts through catalyst‐support interactions.

Background: Intensive Lipid-lowering therapy (ILLT) is a crucial strategy for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. While current evidence of the risks of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) after ILLT were contradictory; morever, insights into the associations between ILLT and the outcomes of ICH were also limited. Methods: Data of consecutive patients with acute ICH and histories of ischemic stroke at an academic stroke center from 2017 to 2019 were retrospectively collected. The study patients were classifed according to their baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels: <1.8 mmol/L vs. LDL-c≥1.8 mmol/L. Results: A total of 197 patients were included in the study, 31 of them had LDL-c <1.8 mmol/L and 166 had LDL-c≥1.8 mmol/L. We did not tested any significant differences regarding the demographic characteristics or the medical histories (Table 1). Medians of baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores (8 vs. 9, p=0.79) and ICH scores (1 vs.1 , p=0.26) were similar. But patients with LDL-c<1.8 mmol/L had higher bleeding volume (11 (19) vs. 10 (52), p=0.03) and higher risks of secondary intraventricular hemorrhage (13% vs. 4%, p=0.03) (Table 2).Outcomes of the ICH events at discharge were generally similar (Table 3), except that patients with LDL-c≥1.8 mmol/L had significant improvements in their NIHSS scores at discharge (estimated change in means: -2.4, 95% [-3.9, -0.9] ), than patients with LDL-c<1.8 mmol/L (estimated change in means: -1.4, 95% CI [-4.7, 0.5]). Conclusions: Achieving LDL-c<1.8 mmol/L was associated with bigger bleeding volume, higher risks of secondary intraventricular hemorrhage, and worse neurological improvements.